Comparison of concentrated fresh mononuclear cells and cultured mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow for bone regeneration

Abstract

Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) transplantation has been widely studied in recent years. The fresh cell cocktail in BMMNCs, without going through the in vitro culture process, helps to establish a stable microenvironment for osteogenesis, and each cell type may play a unique role in bone regeneration. Our study compared the efficacy of concentrated fresh BMMNCs and cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in Beagle dogs for the first time. Fifteen-millimeter segmental bone defects were created in the animals' tibia bones. In BMMNCs group, the defects were repaired with concentrated fresh BMMNCs combined with β-TCP (n = 5); in cultured BMSC group, with in vitro cultured and osteo-induced BMSCs combined with β-TCP (n = 5); in scaffold-only group, with a β-TCP graft alone (n = 5); and in blank group, nothing was grafted (n = 3). The healing process was monitored by X-rays and single photon emission computed tomography. The animals were sacrificed 12 months after surgery and their tibias were harvested and analyzed by microcomputed tomography and hard tissue histology. Moreover, the microstructure, chemical components, and microbiomechanical properties of the regenerated bone tissue were explored by multiphoton microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation. The results showed that BMMNCs group promoted much more bone regeneration than cultured BMSC group. The grafts in BMMNCs group were better mineralized, and they had collagen arrangement and microbiomechanical properties similar to the contralateral native tibia bone. These results indicate that concentrated fresh bone marrow mononuclear cells may be superior to in vitro expanded stem cells in segmental bone defect repair.

Mineralization of 3D Osteogenic Model Based on Gelatin-Dextran Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffold Bioengineered with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Multiparametric Evaluation

“…Particularly, Chiang et al [ 15 ] characterized a mineral marker during the osteoblast differentiation process by monitoring the Raman signal of hydroxyapatite. Recently, Du et al [ 41 ] adopted Raman spectroscopy to explore the microstructure and chemical components of the new bone tissue in an animal model of bone defect. Moreover, Atachi et al [ 42 ] evaluated the in vivo performance of a 3D scaffold specifically developed for bone tissue engineering also with the support of Raman spectroscopy.…”

Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate as Treatments for Chronic Hindlimb Proximal Suspensory Desmopathy

“…In horses, experimental and clinical models suggest that the anabolic effects of acellular BMA and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) occur by increasing the collagen I/III ratio and the expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (17,37,38). BMMNCs are heterogeneous cell populations including stem cells (SCs), endothelial progenitor cells, monocytes and lymphocytes (39,40). A synergistic effect among the heterogeneous cell populations promotes neovascularisation even in previously avascular tissue (39,41,42).…”

Intraoperative Creation of Tissue-Engineered Grafts with Minimally Manipulated Cells: New Concept of Bone Tissue Engineering In Situ

“…Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) are widely used in clinical practice alone or in combination with various scaffolds, including bone autografts, hydroxylapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, etc. Multiple clinical and animal studies demonstrated results in improved bone healing [ 4 , 18 , 19 ]. Importantly, BM-MNCs are available as minimally-manipulated cells without preliminary cell culture [ 20 ].…”