Comparison of Cultural Methods and DNA Probe Analyses for the Detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides intermedius in Subgingival Plaque Samples

Savitt, Eugene D.; Strzempko, M. N.; Vaccaro, Karen K.; Peros, W. J.; French, Cynthia K.

doi:10.1902/jop.1988.59.7.431

Cited by 151 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The sensitivity ranged from 0.17 for A. actinomycetemcomitans to 0.86 for B. forsythus and Streptococcus sanguis, and the specificity ranged from 0.17 for P. intermedia to 1.0 for C. rectus. These ranges indicate the typical finding with DNA probes, namely, that they do not correlate well with culture or serological data, usually being positive when the culture or serological findings are negative, i.e., many false positives (142,158,172,179,191,195,221,255,345). The panel of 18 probes developed by Papapanou showed that only B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and C. rectus (Wolinella recta) were associated with periodontal disease in 148 Chinese subjects who had never received any periodontal treatment (220).…”

Section: Specific Plaque Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complexity of the plaque flora, with over 500 species, makes it impractical for the developer of any probe(s) to evaluate for cross-reactions against all plaque species. For example, 14 whole-genome DNA probes were validated by hybridization with 249 strains representing 51 species (90), while commercially available oligonucleotide probes were validated against panels containing fewer species (195,253,255,282). A whole-genome probe to B. forsythus showed no detectable reactivity with 75 strains representing 14 oral species (172).…”

Section: Dna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A whole-genome probe to B. forsythus showed no detectable reactivity with 75 strains representing 14 oral species (172). This limited evaluation means that some crossreactions with untested plaque species probably exist, and could contribute to the large number of false-positive results found when DNA probes are compared to culture results obtained on the same plaque samples (15,135,142,158,172,191,195,196,221,235,251,255,296,297,315,345; K. Backman, Letter, J. Periodontol. 66:536-537, 1995).…”

Section: Dna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Loesche

Grossman²

2001

Clin Microbiol Rev

413

338

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Periodontal disease is perhaps the most common chronic infection in adults. Evidence has been accumulating for the past 30 years which indicates that almost all forms of periodontal disease are chronic but specific bacterial infections due to the overgrowth in the dental plaque of a finite number of mostly anaerobic species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola. The success of traditional debridement procedures and/or antimicrobial agents in improving periodontal health can be associated with the reduction in levels of these anaerobes in the dental plaque. These findings suggest that patients and clinicians have a choice in the treatment of this overgrowth, either a debridement and surgery approach or a debridement and antimicrobial treatment approach. However, the antimicrobial approach, while supported by a wealth of scientific evidence, goes contrary to centuries of dental teaching that states that periodontal disease results from a “dirty mouth.” If periodontal disease is demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, it will be a modifiable risk factor since periodontal disease can be prevented and treated. Since the antimicrobial approach may be as effective as a surgical approach in the restoration and maintenance of a periodontally healthy dentition, this would give a cardiac or stroke patient and his or her physician a choice in the implementation of treatment seeking to improve the patient's periodontal condition so as to reduce and/or delay future cardiovascular events

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Section: Specific Plaque Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dna Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Loesche

Grossman²

2001

Clin Microbiol Rev

413

338

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“…This is due to the extremely slow growth or very specific growth requirements of some oral pathogens. Several alternative methods have been developed for the detection of P. gingivalis, such as immunoassays (9), DNA probe assays (9,22,23), and PCR assays (2,10,17,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Real-Time PCR and Culture for Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Subgingival Plaque Samples

2003

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen in destructive periodontal disease in humans. Detection and quantification of this microorganism are relevant for diagnosis and treatment planning. The prevalence and quantity of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples of periodontitis patients were determined by anaerobic culture and real-time PCR amplification of the 16S small-subunit rRNA gene. The PCR was performed with primers and a fluorescently labeled probe specific for the P. gingivalis 16S rRNA gene. By the real-time PCR assay, as few as 1 CFU of P. gingivalis could be detected. Subgingival plaque samples from 259 adult patients with severe periodontitis were analyzed. P. gingivalis was detected in 111 (43%) of the 259 subgingival plaque samples by culture and in 138 (53%) samples by PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the real-time PCR were 100, 94, 94, and 100%, respectively. We conclude that real-time PCR confirms the results of quantitative culture of P. gingivalis and offers significant advantages with respect to the rapidity and sensitivity of detection of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples.The microflora colonizing the oral cavities of humans consists of numerous bacterial species (15,25). Most of these species are innocuous, but colonization of the subgingival plaque by certain species can lead to periodontal disease (6,25,26,36). Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease that leads to destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, and it is a major cause of tooth loss (3). Periodontitis occurs in humans as well as in several animal species (30).Periodontitis lesions are associated with a complex subgingival microflora which consists mainly of gram-negative bacterial species (37), of which the dark-pigmented organism Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a major pathogen (2,6,20). P. gingivalis is a strict anaerobic, oral microorganism that is involved in periodontitis, endodontic infections, and odontogenic abscesses in humans (34). P. gingivalis is infrequently isolated from individuals with healthy periodontia (4,5,33). Anaerobic culture is most commonly used to detect and quantify major components of the subgingival plaque and to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of oral pathogens. Culture, however, has several drawbacks: it is timeconsuming and laborious and has a low level of sensitivity. This is due to the extremely slow growth or very specific growth requirements of some oral pathogens. Several alternative methods have been developed for the detection of P. gingivalis, such as immunoassays (9), DNA probe assays (9, 22, 23), and PCR assays (2, 10, 17, 21).Recently, real-time PCR has been shown to be a sensitive and rapid method for the detection and quantification of individual microbial species (7,10,11,16). Most real-time PCR tests are based on the detection of bacterial small-subunit 16S rRNA sequences (7). This subunit of DNA is present in multiple copies in all bacterial species and con...

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“…Cultural methods are cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming for diagnostic purposes, but reliable, rapid means of identifying certain species have become available. These prominently include indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy (Zambon et al, 1986) and use of nucleotide probes (Savitt et al, 1988). Specificitiesofl00%(Christerssonera/.,1989),96% (Zambon et al, 1986), and 93-100% (Zambon et al, 1985) have been reported for diagnosing periodontitis by detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis [formerly Bacteroides gingivalis (Shah and Collins, 1988)] by IIF.…”

Section: Adult Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases

2004

Journal of Periodontology

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Comparison of Cultural Methods and DNA Probe Analyses for the Detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, and Bacteroides intermedius in Subgingival Plaque Samples

Cited by 151 publications

References 17 publications

Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Comparison of Real-Time PCR and Culture for Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Subgingival Plaque Samples

Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases

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