Comparison of different methods of extraction for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in soil

Hengstmann, R.; Hamann, Rainer; Weber, H.; Kettrup, A.

doi:10.1007/bf00466394

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Analysis of soil samples followed Hengstmann et al (1989) and Hagenmaier et al (1992). Two 5 g subsets of each sample were spiked with a surrogate solution, soaked in acetone (25 ml) for 1 h, and Soxhlet extracted for 36 h again using benzene/hexane (4:1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCBs in air, soil and milk in industrialized and urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Batterman

Chernyak

Gouden

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

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Information regarding polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental media in Africa is limited. This paper presents results of a monitoring program conducted in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa designed to characterize levels, trends and sources of airborne PCBs. Particulate and vapor samples were sampled over the 2004–2005 period at three sites. The total PCB concentration averaged 128 ± 47 pg m−3, and levels were highest in winter. Tri- through hexa-congeners predominated, and the vapor fraction was predominant. Several tetra- through hexa-chlorinated congeners had levels comparable to those at urban sites in the northern hemisphere, but hepta- through deca-congeners resembled levels at background sites. PCB source areas, deduced using spatial and temporal patterns, compositional information and trajectory analyses, likely included local, regional and global sources. Soils at three rural sites showed high PCB concentrations, and milk from a local dairy showed PCB concentrations comparable to USA levels in year 2000.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCBs in air, soil and milk in industrialized and urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Batterman

Chernyak

Gouden

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] SFE of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) in sediments and soil, has been less well investigated. [20][21][22][23][24][25] SFE of PCBs has concentrated on major PCBs and so far, there are no reports on the SFE of the most toxic PCBs, non-ortho-PCBs (coplanar PCBs) in sediment. In one soil study, SFE of planar PCBs was investigated using spiked soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of SFE with Soxhlet in the analyses of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in sediment

Mannila¹,

Koistinen²,

Vartiainen

2002

J. Environ. Monitor.

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The efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the isolation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) from sediments was investigated by comparing SFE with Soxhlet. Five sediments obtained from an international interlaboratory study were used as a test material. SFE was performed with an automatic system where extracted analytes were collected by solid-phase trapping using carbon mixed with Celite as an adsorbent. For the first time, SFE of the most toxic PCBs, coplanar PCBs, was studied with real sediment samples. The majority of PCBs investigated, a total of 38 congeners from tri- to decachlorinated, were quantitatively extracted from sediment by SFE with pure CO2 at pressure 400 atm and temperature 100 degrees C. Under these conditions a successful extraction was obtained also for PCDD/PCDFs except for hepta- and octachlorinated congeners. Copper powder added to the sediment efficiently prevented the transfer of sulfur from the sample during SFE. The TEQs of both PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs obtained by SFE corresponded well with those obtained by the Soxhlet-based method. The reproducibility of SFE was high for both groups.

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“…For coextraction of PCDD/F with polar compounds such as chlorinated phenols, Soxhlet extraction with two solvents in succession, or a binary solvent mixture of a polar and a non-polar solvent, is advantageous [6]. Besides Soxhlet extraction, other common methods are solvent partition, ultrasonic bath, microwave, column and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide and appropriate modifier [3,4,7]. Subcritical fluid extraction is a potential method and, a simple variant of this technique is the accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soxhlet extraction parameters’ influence on the recovery of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) from a sediment, and artifact formation of PCDD

Kjeller

Rappe

1998

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Soxhlet extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) from sediment was studied using a designed experimental set-up. Three variables were studied: three solvent combinations n-hexane/methanol, dichloromethane/acetone and toluene/methanol; two extraction times, 8 and 16 h, and addition of bulk substances (sodium carbonate). The extraction efficiency was almost identical in all extractions, with the exception of extraction where toluene/ methanol was combined with sodium carbonate. In these samples a major effect was observed, due to formation of Hx-, Hp-and OCDD isomers. Composition of formed PCDD was similar to PCDD isomers found in pentachlorophenol products.

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Comparison of different methods of extraction for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in soil

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

PCBs in air, soil and milk in industrialized and urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

PCBs in air, soil and milk in industrialized and urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Comparison of SFE with Soxhlet in the analyses of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in sediment

Soxhlet extraction parameters’ influence on the recovery of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) from a sediment, and artifact formation of PCDD

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