Comparison of different Vetiver grass pretreatment techniques and their impact on immobilized butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR 1461

Iron ion catalyzed hydrogen peroxide pretreatment for bio‐jet fuel production from straw biomass

“…The XRD diffraction spectrum of cellulose sample displays the typical diffraction peaks near 15.5 o , 22.4 o , and 34.8 o , corresponding to the cellulose's crystal phases of (110), (200), and (004), respectively. 9,22,23 Different from cellulose sample, lignocellulose samples such as untreated straw, HPpretreated straw and Fe-HP pretreated straw only exhibited the main diffraction peak at 22.4 o . After the Fe-HP pretreatment, the XRD diffraction peak of cellulose tended to widen, especially the strongest diffraction peak corresponding to the crystal phase of (200).…”

“…21 The conditions and steps of the ABE fermentation mainly referred to our previous work 21 and other recent literature. 20,[22][23][24][25][26] C. beijerinckii was grown at 37 °C for 48 h in the seed culture medium, mainly composed of 5.0 g/L peptone, 5.0 g/L tryptone, 10.0 g/L yeast extract, 10.0 g/L glucose. 21 The fermentation medium was composed of the components similar to the seed culture medium, except for the use of straw-derived enzymatic hydrolysate instead of glucose.…”

“…21 Prior to introducing C. beijerinckii, the fermentation medium was sterilized at 115 °C for 30 min. [20][21][22][23][24][25] The ABE fermentation experiments were conducted in a 100 mL flask with three necks, which was placed in a water bath shaker (SHZ-82A, Changzhou Jinnan Instrument Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China). The fermentation temperature and the shaking rate can be controlled through the setting of the water bath shaker.…”

“…This is because cellulose in the lignocellulose biomass usually possesses both crystalline form and amorphous form. 9,22,23 In addition, XRD analysis can be used to evaluate the changes in crystallinity index (CrI) after the biomass pretreatment. 9,22,23 The crystallinity of cellulose in the biomass samples was evaluated by the Segal method with Eqn (1).…”

“…9,22,23 In addition, XRD analysis can be used to evaluate the changes in crystallinity index (CrI) after the biomass pretreatment. 9,22,23 The crystallinity of cellulose in the biomass samples was evaluated by the Segal method with Eqn (1). 9 It was found that the CrI values of all lignocellulose samples were lower than those of cellulose samples (Table S2 in Supporting information).…”