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Utilization of sugarcane bagasses for butanol, ethanol and acetone production was studied by acid hydrolysis and bacterial fermentation. Glucose, xylose and arabinose contents of sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzed in 5% (v/v) sulfuric acid solution were investigated in respective range of 5 to 60 min. Results showed glucose and xylose released during hydrolysis at 121 C and long treatment time of 60 minutes had high concentrations of 18.7 and 19.8 g/l, respectively. The sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was then used for butanol, ethanol and acetone production by anaerobic fermentation using C.butyricum, C. sporogenes, C.beijerinckii and C.acetobutylicum. The maximum production based on solvent yield was 4.7 g/l butanol, 6.3 g/l ethanol and 9.7 g/l acetone obtained from fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate using C. beijerinckii for 48 hours in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) sugarcane bagasse.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of activated carbon (AC) as an immobilization material in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation. The AC surface was modified with different physical (orbital shaking and refluxing) and chemical (nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)) treatments to enhance the biobutanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii TISTR1461. The effect of surface modification on AC was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, surface area analyses, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while the fermented broth was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The chemical functionalization significantly modified the physicochemical properties of the different treated ACs and further enhanced the butanol production. The AC treated with APTES under refluxing provided the best fermentation results at 10.93 g/L of butanol, 0.23 g/g of yield, and 0.15 g/L/h of productivity, which were 1.8-, 1.5-, and 3.0-fold higher, respectively, than that in the free-cell fermentation. The obtained dried cell biomass also revealed that the treatment improved the AC surface for cell immobilization. This study demonstrated and emphasized the importance of surface properties to cell immobilization.

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