Comparison of Direct Intersection and Sonogram Methods for Acoustic Indoor Localization of Persons

Abstract

We discuss two methods to detect the presence and location of a person in an acoustically small-scale room and compare the performances for a simulated person in distances between 1 and 2 m. The first method is Direct Intersection, which determines a coordinate point based on the intersection of spheroids defined by observed distances of high-intensity reverberations. The second method, Sonogram analysis, overlays all channels’ room impulse responses to generate an intensity map for the observed environment. We demonstrate that the former method has lower computational complexity that almost halves the execution time in the best observed case, but about 7 times slower in the worst case compared to the Sonogram method while using 2.4 times less memory. Both approaches yield similar mean absolute localization errors between 0.3 and 0.9 m. The Direct Intersection method performs more precise in the best case, while the Sonogram method performs more robustly.

Advanced Sensors and Systems Technologies for Indoor Positioning

“…In [ 4 ], the authors compare two methods for the acoustic indoor localization of persons based on the time difference of arrival of the first-order reflection to interpret the returned signals in a small office room. They draw the approach from bats which can perceive the incoming reflected wave’s direction.…”

Analysis and Accuracy Improvement of UWB-TDoA-Based Indoor Positioning System

“…A variety of positioning systems exist which make use of different (i) technologies , (ii) signal properties , and (iii) positioning algorithms . Technologies include inertial navigation systems (INS) [ 3 , 4 ], sound waves [ 5 , 6 ], infrared [ 7 ], visible light [ 8 ], and radio frequency, including Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) [ 9 ], Bluetooth [ 10 ], Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) [ 11 ], ZigBee, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) [ 12 , 13 ], and Wireless Underground Sensor Network [ 14 ]. Signal properties used for positioning include Angle of Arrival (AoA) [ 7 ], Time of Arrival (ToA) [ 14 ], Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), Received Signal Strength Indication [ 15 ], Time of Flight (ToF), Return Time of Flight (RToF), and Phase of Arrival (PoA) [ 2 ].…”