Comparison of DNAs of <i>Crypthecodinium cohnii</i>‐like Dinoflagellates from Widespread Geographic Locations*

Steele, Robert E.; Rae, Peter M. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb05403.x

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These modified bases are not randomly distributed throughout the genome. There is also evidence from Crypthecodinium cohnii that cytosines in the SSU genes of dinoflagellates are highly methylated, which is unusual for most eukaryotes (Steel and Rae 1980). These modified bases may be the reason why the amplification of dinoflagellate SSU rDNA with Taq polymerase is sometimes difficult.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA, CRYPTOPERIDINIOPSOID SP. AMYLOODINOUM OCELLATUM AND A PFIESTERIA‐LIKE DINOFLAGELLATE TO OTHER DINOFLAGELLATES AND APICOMPLEXANS

Litaker

Tester

Colorni

et al. 1999

Journal of Phycology

103

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The taxonomic relationship between heterotrophic and parasitic dinoflagellates has not been studied extensively at the molecular level. In order to investigate these taxonomic relationships, we sequenced the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene of Pfiesteria piscicida (Steidinger et Burkholder), a Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate, Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp., and Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown) and submitted those sequences to GenBank. Pfiesteria piscicida and Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp. are heterotrophic dinoflagellates, purportedly pathogenic to fish, and A. ocellatum, a major fish pathogen, has caused extensive economic losses in both the aquarium and aquaculture industries. The pathogenicity of the Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate is unknown at this time, but its growth characteristics and in vitro food preferences are similar to those of P. piscicda. The SSU sequences of these species were aligned with the other full-length dinoflagellate sequences, as well as those of representative apicomplexans and Perkinsus species, the groups most closely related to dinoflagellates. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp., P. piscicida, and the Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate are closely related and group into the class Blastodiniphyceae, as does A. ocellatum. None of the species examined were closely re-1 . 3 This new species is being described by K. Steidinger, manuscript in preparation. lated to the apicomplexans or to Perkinsus marinus, the parasite that causes ''Dermo disease'' in oysters. The overall phylogenetic analyses largely supported the current class and subclass groupings within the dinoflagellates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA, CRYPTOPERIDINIOPSOID SP. AMYLOODINOUM OCELLATUM AND A PFIESTERIA‐LIKE DINOFLAGELLATE TO OTHER DINOFLAGELLATES AND APICOMPLEXANS

Litaker

Tester

Colorni

et al. 1999

Journal of Phycology

103

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“…bpsaA, Spinach PSI (27). CpsbA, Spinach PSII 32 kb protein (provided by K. Ko and N. Strauss, University of Toronto).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 1 9 kb (P. tamarensis). When the dinoflagellate genome sizes are compared with other chromophytic algal plastid genomes, Steele and Rae (27) have used gene hybridization methods to determine the relatedness of geographical isolates of the nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium cohnii. A similar approach has been used in this study to determine Protogonyaulax isolate relatedness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Satellite DNA from Three Marine Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae): Glenodinium sp. and Two Members of the Toxic Genus, Protogonyaulax

Boczar

Liston²,

Cattolico³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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Using CsCI-Hoechst dye or CsCI-ethidium bromide gradients, satellite and nuclear DNAs were separated and characterized in three marine dinoflagellates: Glenodinium sp., and two toxic dinoflagellates, Protogonyaulax tamarensis and Protogonyaulax catenella. In all three dinoflagellates, the lowest density fraction, satellite DNA1, hybridized to chloroplast genes derived from terrestrial plants and/or other algae. Dinoflagellate chloroplast DNAs exhibited molecular sizes of 114 to 125 kilobase pairs, which is consistent with plastid sizes determined for other chromophytic algae (120-150 kilobase pairs). Mitochondrial DNA was not resolved from nuclear DNA in this system. Two additional satellite DNAs, satellite DNA2 and satellite DNA3, recovered from P. tamarensis and P. catenella were similar to one another, both within and between species, when characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. These satellites were 85 to 95 kilobase pairs in size, and exhibited restriction fragments that hybridized to yeast nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. Restriction enzyme analyses and DNA hybridization studies of cpDNA document that the two Protogonyaulax isolates are not evolutionarily identical.The Dinophyceae is a group of unicellular, eukaryotic organisms that is composed of photosynthetic, heterotrophic, phagocytic, and saprophytic forms. These algae are second only to diatoms in their contribution to primary production in marine and freshwater ecosystems. In addition, species of photosynthetic dinoflagellates have been identified as the dominant organisms comprising the toxic "red tides" that periodically close shellfish aquaculture facilities on both the East and West Coasts.Dinoflagellates possess unique DNA characteristics. Cells of this taxonomic group frequently contain very high levels (32-200 pg/cell) of DNA packaged into chromosomes that lack classic histone-like proteins. These chromosomes remain condensed throughout cellular interphase (28) and contain an '

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“…We report here phylogenetic analysis of Crypthecodiniaceae based on three ribosomal markers [ 39 , 40 ]. Cumulated with morphological characters, thecal plate formulas, AFLP and three molecular markers, as well as genome size differences, we report Crypthecodinium croucheri sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleaginous Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates—Crypthecodiniaceae

2023

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The heterotrophic Crypthecodinium cohnii is a major model for dinoflagellate cell biology, and a major industrial producer of docosahexaenoic acid, a key nutraceutical and added pharmaceutical compound. Despite these factors, the family Crypthecodiniaceae is not fully described, which is partly attributable to their degenerative thecal plates, as well as the lack of ribotype-referred morphological description in many taxons. We report here significant genetic distances and phylogenetic cladding that support inter-specific variations within the Crypthecodiniaceae. We describe Crypthecodinium croucheri sp. nov. Kwok, Law and Wong, that have different genome sizes, ribotypes, and amplification fragment length polymorphism profiles when compared to the C. cohnii. The interspecific ribotypes were supported by distinctive truncation-insertion at the ITS regions that were conserved at intraspecific level, indicating stabilization. The long genetic distances between Crypthecodiniaceae and other dinoflagellate orders support the separation of the group, which includes related taxons with high oil content and degenerative thecal plates, to be ratified to the order level. The current study provides the basis for future specific demarcation-differentiation, which is an important facet in food safety, biosecurity, sustainable agriculture feeds, and biotechnology licensing of new oleaginous models.

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Comparison of DNAs of Crypthecodinium cohnii‐like Dinoflagellates from Widespread Geographic Locations*

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA, CRYPTOPERIDINIOPSOID SP. AMYLOODINOUM OCELLATUM AND A PFIESTERIA‐LIKE DINOFLAGELLATE TO OTHER DINOFLAGELLATES AND APICOMPLEXANS

THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA, CRYPTOPERIDINIOPSOID SP. AMYLOODINOUM OCELLATUM AND A PFIESTERIA‐LIKE DINOFLAGELLATE TO OTHER DINOFLAGELLATES AND APICOMPLEXANS

Characterization of Satellite DNA from Three Marine Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae): Glenodinium sp. and Two Members of the Toxic Genus, Protogonyaulax

Oleaginous Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates—Crypthecodiniaceae

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