Comparison of early posttreatment effects of two steroidal anti‐inflammatory ophthalmic drugs on the ocular inflammatory response induced by paracentesis in healthy canine eyes

Abstract

Objective We investigated the early posttreatment effects of two steroidal anti‐inflammatory ophthalmic drugs on blood‐aqueous barrier (BAB) breakdown by paracentesis in dogs. Animal studies We studied 21 healthy beagles with normal eyes. Procedures Controlled anterior chamber paracentesis (0.5 mL) was performed in one eye of each dog. Control group dogs (n = 7) received no medication, whereas those in the treatment groups received a topical anti‐inflammatory medication (difluprednate [DFBA] ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% [n = 7] or betamethasone [BMZ] sodium phosphate ophthalmic solution 0.1% [n = 7]) at 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after initial paracentesis in the paracentesed eyes. Secondary aqueous humor (AH) was collected 60 minutes after initial paracentesis. Protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in AH were determined using the bicinchoninic acid assay and commercially available immunoassay kit, respectively. All mean values in the three groups were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results Aqueous protein and PGE2 concentrations were markedly increased at 60 minutes following paracentesis. Both concentrations in the secondary AH of the DFBA group were significantly lower than those of the control group; however, treatment with BMZ had no significant effects. Conclusions Early postparacentesis treatment with DFBA was more effective than that with BMZ for reducing aqueous protein and PGE2 contents in dogs with paracentesis‐induced BAB breakdown. DFBA may be an appropriate treatment during the early stage of anterior uveitis caused by intraocular surgery in dogs.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension following phacoemulsification, primary glaucoma, and normal healthy eyes

“…Post-aqueous paracentesis treatment for 'normal group'. Aqueous paracentesis induces anterior uveitis via BAB breakdown [46,47], therefore the 'normal group' of dogs were treated with topical ophthalmic medications according to the following procedure: ofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution one drop (0.05 ml) two times daily for five days and prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic suspension one drop (0.05 ml) two times daily for five days. Fluorescein stain was performed, and IOP measurement by tonometry was performed every day for five days post-procedure.…”

Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Improve the Ocular Hypotensive Effect of Twice Daily Topical Timolol Maleate in Healthy Dogs

“…Among these, timolol maleate (TM), a beta-blocker, can be used to treat many types of glaucoma. Furthermore, TM does not cause blood–aqueous barrier breakdown, which induces plasma protein leakage, unlike other topical antiglaucoma drugs [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Therefore, TM is one of the most widely used antiglaucoma eye drops in combination with other drugs to treat both canine and human patients.…”

Oral 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate prevents blood–aqueous barrier breakdown after anterior chamber paracentesis in healthy beagle dogs

“…In clinical practice, ACP is performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including rapid reduction of intraocular pressure, screening for infectious diseases, and intracameral injection of drugs [ 6 ]. Since the inflammatory response to AH aspiration is predictable, this technique is useful in research, particularly drug evaluation [ 1 , 28 , 29 ].…”

“…ACP was performed on one eye using the method described in our previous work [ 28 , 29 ]. Briefly, a coin toss was used for each dog to determine which eye would undergo ACP.…”

“…Recently, natural compounds that reduce experimentally induced uveitis have attracted attention as novel uveitis treatments [ 3 , 8 , 16 ]. The canine ACP model has been used to evaluate products that already exist, such as steroids and NSAIDs [ 1 , 28 ]. To our knowledge, only one study, which was performed by our group, has reported the use of natural compounds in a canine ACP model.…”