Comparison of Er:YAG laser, piezoelectric, and drill osteotomy for dental implant site preparation: A biomechanical and histological analysis in sheep

Abstract

Although BIC and removal torque values decreased in the laser and piezoelectric groups at 6 weeks during an active remodeling process, favorable and superior BIC as well as torque values could be demonstrated at 8 weeks. Thus laser and piezoelectric osteotomy seem to be at least comparable to drill osteotomy, concerning early osseointegration and implant stability.

Drilling of Bone: Practicality, Limitations and Complications Associated with Surgical Drill-Bits

“…Hillery and Shuaib (Hillery and Shuaib 1999) conducted an in vitro screw pullout test in cadaveric and bovine bone to determine if the temperature rise during drilling of the pilot hole had implications for time zero fixation but found no differences, despite temperatures in the vicinity of the drilled defects reaching between 102 to 117.8˚C. Stubinger and others (Stubinger, Biermeier et al 2010) employed an ovine model to evaluate the capabilities of alternatives to the mechanical machining of bone which have been introduced in the dental field, including Er:YAG lasers and piezoelectric devices. Defects were created in the pelvis using these methods as well as by conventional drilling.…”

“…Feedback systems detecting real-time cortical break-through have also been developed (Allotta, Belmonte et al 1996;Ong and Bouazza-Marouf 1998;Ong and BouazzaMarouf 1999) with the intention of minimising the effect of break-through on hole geometry as well as minimising the damage inflicted to soft tissues by the drill-tip. Alternatives to the mechanical machining of bone have been developed for dental operations, including Er:YAG lasers and piezoelectric devices (Stubinger, Biermeier et al 2010). Piezoelectric osteotomy is based on ultrasonic vibration of an osteotomic device that permits precise cutting of bone structures without cutting adjacent soft tissues whilst lasers cause tissue ablation.…”

A comparative investigation of bone surface after cutting with mechanical tools and Er:YAG laser

“…Its biggest strength lies in the safety, as the adjacent soft tissue damage is reduced . This is why the PZE osteotome has been extensively applied in the oral and cranio‐maxillofacial (CMF) area, where important neurovascular structures are closely located to the facial bones . But the PZE osteotome is another mechanical cutting tool with its cutting tip in direct contact with the bone.…”

A novel standardized bone model for thermal evaluation of bone osteotomies with various irrigation methods

“…bone condensing, ultrasonic and laser osteotomy), different drill modifications regarding drill design, geometry, sharpness and materials (e.g. stainless steel vs. ceramic drills) and various irrigation techniques (external/internal/combined irrigation) (Tehemar 1999;Jochum & Reichart 2000;Benington et al 2002;Ercoli et al 2004;Sener et al 2009;St€ ubinger et al 2010;Mi si c et al 2011;Oh et al 2011;Rashad et al 2011;Oliveira et al 2012;Strbac et al 2012).…”