Comparison of evaluations of hormone receptors in breast carcinoma by image-analysis using three automated immunohistochemical stainings

Arihiro, Koji; Oda, Miyo; Ogawa, Kota; Tominaga, Kenshi; Kaneko, Yoshie; Shimizu, Tomomi; Ohnishi, Shiho; Oda, Megumi; Kurita, Yuko; Taira, Yuko; Fujii, Masayuki; Tanaka, Maiko

doi:10.3892/etm.2010.142

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Currently there is no consensus cutoff for H‐score for the AR immunohistochemistry. One study evaluated the cutoff value of H‐score using the DAKO, Ventana, and BioGenex assays for hormone receptors and found the optimal cut‐off values of H‐score were 36, 24, and 34, respectively . In this study, an H‐score ≥40 defined a positive AR expression; and an H‐score <40 defined negative AR expression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Increased androgen receptor gene copy number is associated with TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement in prostatic small cell carcinoma

et al. 2014

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Small cell carcinoma of the prostate (PSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that often develops in patients previously treated with hormonal therapy for metastatic prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. The TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement is highly specific for prostate cancer and shared by PSCC; however, the role of androgen receptor (AR) gene alterations and interaction with TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement are incompletely understood in PSCC. Sixty-one cases of PSCC were examined for AR gene copy number and TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and AR protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Of 61 cases of PSCC, 51% (31/61) demonstrated increased AR gene copy number (FISH+), 54% (33/61) were positive for TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, and 38% (23/61) showed AR protein expression. Of the 31 AR FISH+ cases, 23 also showed TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, and 16 expressed AR protein. Of the 33 cases with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, 28 were AR FISH+ or expressed AR protein. Statistically significant correlations were observed between AR gene copy number or AR protein expression and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion (P = 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). In summary, high AR gene copy number emerges during the development of PSCC, often in association with TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement. This potential mechanism warrants further study. Improvement will come from understanding the biology of the disease and integrating new therapies into the treatment of this rare and aggressive tumor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Increased androgen receptor gene copy number is associated with TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement in prostatic small cell carcinoma

et al. 2014

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“…The equation was based on the scoring system developed and used by Allred et al for the evaluation of oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in breast carcinoma (21,22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGF-C and VEGF-D overexpression is more common in left-sided and well-differentiated colon adenocarcinoma

et al. 2013

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Tumour vessel network formation, including blood and lymph vessels, is a major step involved in the process of carcinogenesis. The discovery of vascular growth factors has led to a better understanding of tumour biology, thus, creating new possibilities for cancer treatment that targets angiogenesis within tumour-associated stroma, including therapy for colon cancer patients. The present study evaluated the relationships between increased expression of lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-D) and vessel density in the tumour-surrounding stroma, patient survival and other standard prognostic factors. The expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D and vessel density were immunohistochemically assessed in 114 primary tumour specimens from colon adenocarcinoma patients after surgical resection between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2008. Concomittant overexpression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D was found in 51 (44.7%) colon tumours and low expression was observed in 63 (55.3%) cases. Mean vessel density was 52.87/field. A significant correlation was found between the expression of factors influencing lymph vessel growth and increased vessel density in the tumour-surrounding stroma (p=0.03). A relationship between lymphangiogenic factor overexpression and left-sided tumour location was also found (p=0.00002). Overexpression of these factors was likely to occur in well-differentiated tumours (p=0.003). No association between patient survival and the expression levels of lymphangiogenic factors was observed. The study results indicate that the overexpression of lymphangiogenic factors tends to be associated with tumours of favourable prognosis, i.e. well-differentiated and those localized in the left-side of the colon.

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“…Because the current cut point for hormone receptor positivity is very low (> 1% cells), minor differences in antibody sensitivity may alter hormone receptor status [47]. Comparing two manual and three automated systems, investigators concluded that the concordance rates were excellent among the three most commonly used antibodies, clone 6F11, 1D5, and 5p11 [48]. However, other investigators found that the 1D5 antibody is less sensitive than other antibodies, including SF11 [49].…”

Section: Specimen Analysis 221 Technical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker discordance: Why it occurs and why it is important

Lower

Khan

2013

CBM

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Although the analysis of hormone receptors and HER-2/neu has usually been performed on primary tumors only, a growing body of evidence suggests that substantial discordance exists between primary and metastatic disease for estrogen receptors (30-40%) and HER-2/neu (10-30%). This discordance may reflect alterations in pathologic assessment techniques, changes between primary and metastatic breast cancer, differences within a heterogenous tumor, or the effect of treatment. The etiology of discordance is poorly understood and frequently may reflect tumor heterogeneity along with lack of standardized preanalytic and analytic variables. Standardization of diagnostic variables can improve diagnostic reproducibility. Because of the emergence of targeted hormonal and HER-2/neu therapies, tumor biomarkers assume a pivotal role in treatment decisions. The loss of sensitivity to hormones or HER-2/neu may suggest tumor resistance; whereas, the acquisition of hormone receptors and HER-2/neu provides potential new treatment targets which can improve overall patient outcomes.

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Comparison of evaluations of hormone receptors in breast carcinoma by image-analysis using three automated immunohistochemical stainings

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Increased androgen receptor gene copy number is associated with TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement in prostatic small cell carcinoma

Increased androgen receptor gene copy number is associated with TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement in prostatic small cell carcinoma

VEGF-C and VEGF-D overexpression is more common in left-sided and well-differentiated colon adenocarcinoma

Biomarker discordance: Why it occurs and why it is important

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