Comparison of family history measures used to identify high risk of coronary heart disease

Silberberg, J.; Fryer, J. G.; Wlodarczyk, John; Robertson, Randall; Dear, Keith

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2272(1999)16:4<344::aid-gepi2>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The rationale for this classification is not always clear. Some studies have used cut-off levels for relative risk values (51) or aggregate scores for family history information (91), but in other cases, familial risk strata have been the result of expert opinion. Often the objective of the risk stratification is to identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from referral to a genetic specialist and/or genetic testing.…”

Section: Clinical Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Family History in Public Health Practice: A Genomic Tool for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Valdéz

Yoon

Qureshi

et al. 2010

Annu. Rev. Public Health

280

170

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Family history is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Professional guidelines usually include family history to assess health risk, initiate interventions, and motivate behavioral changes. The advantages of family history over other genomic tools include a lower cost, greater acceptability, and a reflection of shared genetic and environmental factors. However, the utility of family history in public health has been poorly explored. To establish family history as a public health tool, it needs to be evaluated within the ACCE framework (analytical validity; clinical validity; clinical utility; and ethical, legal, and social issues). Currently, private and public organizations are developing tools to collect standardized family histories of many diseases. Their goal is to create family history tools that have decision support capabilities and are compatible with electronic health records. These advances will help realize the potential of family history as a public health tool.

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Section: Clinical Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Family History in Public Health Practice: A Genomic Tool for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Valdéz

Yoon

Qureshi

et al. 2010

Annu. Rev. Public Health

280

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 Silberberg and colleagues reviewed the literature on the methodology used to calculate family history scores for coronary heart disease. 10 They evaluated 15 published scores according to several desirable properties of family history scores for common diseases-a score should: a) consider the risk profile of the family (taking into account covariates, such as age, sex, smoking status); b) be robust to family size and time at risk; c) consider relationship of the relatives (close relatives being given more weight); and d) not be inflated by a single individual. The authors concluded that all of the published scores performed similarly in distinguishing cases and controls and that all formulations were disadvantaged to the same extent.…”

Section: Classification Into Risk Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can family history be used as a tool for public health and preventive medicine?

Yoon

Scheuner

Peterson-Oehlke

et al. 2002

Genetics in Medicine

313

258

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“…14 In all cases with a positive family history, the age of the affected relative at the time of the event and the relationship between the proband and the affected relative was determined. 15 The mean value of 3 blood pressure measurements (ASM 1000, Elmed), each determined in the supine position after 10 minutes of rest, was taken as the actual arterial blood pressure. 16 Fasting blood samples (Ͼ10 hours) were drawn from each subject, and serum total cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) were determined using standard methods.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Carotid Atherosclerosis and Family History of Vascular Disease

Jerrard-Dunne

Markus

Steckel

et al. 2003

ATVB

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Objective-Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is an intermediate phenotype for atherosclerosis. In a community population (nϭ5400), we determined whether a parental history of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke is associated with increased IMT and whether associations differ at specific sites in the carotid arterial tree. Methods and Results-Using regression modeling, the proportion of IMT that remains unexplained after controlling for vascular risk factors was determined. A parental history of stroke was associated with both increased common carotid artery (CCA) and increased internal carotid artery (ICA)-IMT, but in young individuals (Յ60 years of age), the association was stronger with ICA-IMT, with an odds ratio (95% CI) for ICA-IMT in the highest quartile of 2. been widely used to study genetic and other novel risk factors for atherosclerosis is carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). This can be estimated noninvasively using ultrasound and seems to reflect subclinical atherosclerosis. Crosssectional studies have shown that increased common carotid IMT is both a marker of atherosclerosis elsewhere in the arterial system 3 and an independent predictor of future stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) risk. 4 -6 Carotid IMT measurements are increasingly being used as an intermediate phenotype for genetic studies of vascular disease. 7-9 Their use has several advantages. First, the number of genes involved in this intermediate phenotype are likely to be considerably less than those involved in ischemic stroke or MI. Second, the technique can be readily applied to large-scale community-based populations, reducing selection bias. Third, the use of a continuous index of risk rather than a dichotomous variable such as stroke and the related avoidance of nonpenetrance of asymptomatic disease markedly increase power.IMT measurements are strongly influenced by conventional risk factors. 10 This may complicate and reduce the power of studies to investigate genes that independently increase IMT rather than those that merely predispose to conventional risk factors. Spence et al 11 devised a novel method of combining quantitative measures of carotid plaque area measured by ultrasound and linear regression modeling to determine unexplained atherosclerosis, ie, the proportion of atherosclerosis that remains unexplained after controlling for conventional vascular risk factors. This approach was then used to identify subjects with novel risk factors for atherosclerosis, in this case, elevated homocysteine. 11 A drawback of this method is that measurements can only be obtained in subjects with established carotid plaque, and it is therefore not applicable to a general community population. We have applied this method to carotid IMT measurements instead of plaque area, using similar regression modeling, to determine the extent of IMT that remains unexplained by conventional

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Comparison of family history measures used to identify high risk of coronary heart disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Family History in Public Health Practice: A Genomic Tool for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Family History in Public Health Practice: A Genomic Tool for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Can family history be used as a tool for public health and preventive medicine?

Early Carotid Atherosclerosis and Family History of Vascular Disease

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