Comparison of four advanced oxidation processes for the removal of naphthenic acids from model oil sands process water

Effect of ozonation on the naphthenic acids' speciation and toxicity of pH-dependent organic extracts of oil sands process-affected water

“…Various treatment methods for reducing NAs in OSPW are available including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), biodegradation, membrane processes, adsorption, and others (Drzewicz et al, 2012;Gamal El-Din et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2012;Liang et al, 2011;Pourrezaei et al, 2011). Among AOPs, the ozonation of OSPW is the most thoroughly investigated and has been identified as a promising method for the reduction of organic compounds and acute toxicity in OSPW (Anderson et al, 2012a;Pereira et al, 2013).…”

Naphthenic acids removal from high TDS produced water by persulfate mediated iron oxide functionalized catalytic membrane, and by nanofiltration

“…The mechanism suggests reaction of sulfate radical with naphthenic acids will produce aliphatic chains which will have a considerably lower solubility in the water. Studies have reported a significant reduction in the concentration of NA by persulfate based oxidation using different model compounds, such as cyclo-hexanoic acid, commercial NA mixtures and produced water samples [39, 40]. The decomposition of the NA by iron is proposed through adsorption of NA on the iron surface forming complexes followed by sulfate radical based degradation.…”

Continuous Co‐biodegradation of linear and cyclic naphthenic acids in circulating packed‐bed bioreactors

“…Tailings consisting of water, sand, clay, and unrecovered hydrocarbons are transferred to settling ponds to separate the suspended particles and to recycle a portion of water to the bitumen extraction process [2,3]. To address the challenges associated with the OSPW, various treatment techniques including ozonation [8][9][10], advanced oxidation [11,12], photolysis [13][14][15][16], microwave treatment [17], and bioremediation [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] have been investigated. NAs in OSPW are a mixture of naturally occurring alicyclic and acyclic carboxylic acids with a general formula of C n H 2n1z O 2 (n 5 7 to 30, z 5 0 to 212) and concentrations ranging from 40 to 130 mg=L, although recent works have revealed the presence of molecules with multiple carboxyl groups and heteroatoms such as N and S [4][5][6][7].…”