Comparison of four echocardiographic techniques for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction

Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Echocardiography: A Technique in Evolution

“…The addition of contrast for LV opacification leads to additional improvement in accuracy of 2D echocardiographic quantitation with a reduction in measurement variability as a result of more definitive identification of the chamber walls. 33 Similar findings have been reported for contrast and 3D echocardiography. 34 Because measurement variability is lower with the 3D technique than 2D technique, changes in LV size and function can be more precisely determined.…”

Automated border detection on contrast enhanced echocardiographic images

“…Recent advances in ultrasound technology, such as tissue harmonic imaging and echocardiographic contrast agents, have greatly increased the number of patients in whom endocardial borders are sufficiently defined to permit hand tracing for quantification of LV EF [6]. Use of tissue harmonic and contrast enhanced echocardiographic imaging has also been shown to improve the accuracy of ejection fraction determination in sub-optimal images [7][8][9].…”

Overview of the 2008 Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committee on Safety Considerations in the Development of Ultrasound Contrast Agents

“…Multiple studies have reported that these agents improve the accuracy in determining LV volumes, ejection fraction (EF), and regional wall motion abnormalities (Table 2). 2,[7][8][9] In a recent meta-analysis, the correlation coefficient compared with a variety of established standard methods improves with contrast from 0.84 to 0.93. 5 Reproducibility of echocardiography is significantly better when contrast is added to contemporary harmonic imaging.…”