Comparison of Ganglion Cell Loss and Cone Loss in Experimental Glaucoma

Wygnanski, Tamara; Desatnik, Howard; Quigley, Harry A.; Glovinsky, Yoseph

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72606-6

Cited by 86 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They proposed quantitative detection of glaucomatous damage at the posterior pole by retinal thickness mapping. Glovinsky et al, 7 Frishman et al, 8 Wygnanski et al, 9 and Weber et al 10 demonstrated loss of RGCs in the macula in experimentally glaucomatous monkeys.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography measurement of macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous human eyes

et al. 2003

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Purpose-To evaluate the hypothesis that macular thickness correlates with the diagnosis of glaucoma.Design-Cross-sectional study.Participants-We studied 367 subjects (534 eyes), including 166 eyes of 109 normal subjects, 83 eyes of 58 glaucoma suspects, 196 eyes of 132 early glaucoma patients, and 89 eyes of 68 advanced glaucoma patients.Methods-We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure macular and nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness and to analyze their correlation with each other and with glaucoma status. We used both the commercial and prototype OCT units and evaluated correspondence between measurements performed on the same eyes on the same days. Main Outcome Measure-Macular and NFL thickness as measured by OCT.Results-All NFL parameters both in prototype and commercial OCT units were statistically significantly different comparing normal subjects and either early or advanced glaucoma (P < 0.001). Inner ring, outer ring, and mean macular thickness both in prototype and commercial OCT devices were found to be significantly different between normal subjects and advanced glaucomatous eyes (P < 0.001). The outer ring was the only macular parameter that could significantly differentiate between normal and early glaucoma with either the prototype or commercial OCT unit (P = 0.003, P = 0.008, respectively). The area under the receiver operator characteristic (AROC) curves comparing mean NFL thickness between normal and advanced glaucomatous eyes was 1.00 for both the prototype and commercial OCT devices for eyes scanned on both machines on the same day. The Reprint requests to Joel S. Schuman, MD, New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 750 Washington St, Box 450, Boston, MA 02111. Joel S. Schuman and Gadi Wollstein shared equal parts in the preparation of the manuscript.Presented in part at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), Orlando, Florida, 1999. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptOphthalmology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2007 August 15. Published in final edited form as:Ophthalmology. 2003 January ; 110(1): 177-189. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAROC comparing mean macular thickness in normal and advanced glaucomatous eyes scanned on both machines on the same day was 0.88 for the prototype OCT device and 0.80 for the commercial OCT.Conclusions-Both macular and NFL thickness as measured by OCT showed statistically significant correlations with glaucoma, although NFL thickness showed a stronger association than macular thickness. There was good correspondence between findings using both the prototype and commercial OCT units. Macular and NFL thickness measurements made with OCT may have usefulness in the clinical assessment of glaucoma.Glaucoma is a process in which a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) results in characteristic optic nerve and visual field abnormalities. Detection of glaucomatous damage is typically through observation of the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) and measurem...

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Optical coherence tomography measurement of macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous human eyes

et al. 2003

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“…The histologic study of Panda and Jonas showed that photoreceptor count was significantly lower in eyes with angle-closure glaucoma occurring secondary to penetrating corneal injuries, 30 whereas loss of photoreceptors was not found in other studies of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients or in experimental models of glaucoma. 31,32 Some electrophysiologic reports have suggested that the outer retina is involved in glaucoma, [33][34][35][36][37] and recent studies claiming involvement of the foveal photoreceptor layer in glaucoma have appeared; the latter works used a foveal reflection analyzer and SD-OCT. 38,39 The Cirrus high definition OCT (HD-OCT), a commercial SD-OCT platform, has an inbuilt ganglion cell analysis (GCA; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) algorithm, and it was shown recently that use of this algorithm allows successful segmentation of inner macular layers (the GCA; and a combination of the GCL and the inner plexiform layer [IPL]), and that thickness measurements of these layers were reproducible. 40 The purpose of the our study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability and capacity to detect glaucoma progression of segmented inner and outer retinal layer thickness values obtained from the macular area using the Cirrus HD-OCT GCA algorithm.…”

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Detection of Glaucoma Progression by Assessment of Segmented Macular Thickness Data Obtained Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Sung

Baek

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.We evaluated the clinical use of segmented macular layer thickness measurement in terms of glaucoma diagnosis and the ability to detect progression, and to compare such outcomes to those by circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFLT) and total macular thickness (TMT) measurements.METHODS. The study included 141 glaucomatous and 61 healthy eyes. All glaucomatous eyes were subjected to at least four spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examinations (mean follow-up, 2.13 years). Segmented macular layers were the macular nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCA), and outer retinal layer (ORL; from outer plexiform layer to retinal pigment epithelium). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) discriminating healthy from glaucomatous eyes were determined in baseline measurements. The sensitivity and specificity of these parameters in terms of glaucoma progression detection were determined, with reference to assessment of optic disc/retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographs/visual field (VF) deterioration as standard(s).RESULTS. GCA afforded the best diagnostic performance among three macular layers. The AUC of the GCA thickness (GCAT) was less than that of cRNFLT (0.869 vs. 0.953, P ¼ 0.018), but superior to that of TMT (0.790, P ¼ 0.05). Of the eyes, 38 showed progression during follow-up by standard methods. The sensitivities of TMT, GCAT, and cRNFLT values in terms of detection of progression were 14%, 8%, and 5%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS. Although baseline cRNFL measurement was optimal in terms of glaucoma diagnosis, the GCAT and TMT showed similar levels of sensitivity in progression detection. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:3817-3826)

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“…These cells are specifically affected in pathologies such as glaucoma, retinal ischemia, and diabetic retinopathy (Glovinsky et al, 1991;Vickers et al, 1995;Wygnanski et al, 1995;SellesNavarro et al, 1996;Zhang et al, 1998;Joo et al, 1999;Lieth et al, 2000). However, the mechanisms that lead to selective RGC death associated with these pathologies remain unknown.…”

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Topography of pig retinal ganglion cells

Garcá

Ruiz-Ederra

Hernández-Barbáchano

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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In the present work we analyzed the distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the pig retina. RGCs were retrogradely labeled in vivo by injecting Fluoro-Gold into the optic nerve. RGC density and the distribution of RGCs in terms of soma size were analyzed. Different regions of the porcine retina were identified following analysis of the distribution of RGCs in terms of cell density and soma size: in the central retina, we found a high-density horizontal RGC band lying dorsal to the optic disc. Moreover, in this region, a high proportion of RCGs with small soma size was observed. From the central to the more peripheral retina, we observed a decrease in RGC density, together with a greater presence of RGCs with larger somas. The results of this study should prove to be useful as a foundation for future studies with the porcine retina as a model in ophthalmic research. The study also highlights the necessity to label the RGC population specifically with retrograde tracers in order to quantify precisely alterations in the cell population associated with experimental treatments.

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Comparison of Ganglion Cell Loss and Cone Loss in Experimental Glaucoma

Cited by 86 publications

References 17 publications

Optical coherence tomography measurement of macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous human eyes

Optical coherence tomography measurement of macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in normal and glaucomatous human eyes

Detection of Glaucoma Progression by Assessment of Segmented Macular Thickness Data Obtained Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Topography of pig retinal ganglion cells

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