Topography of pig retinal ganglion cells

Garcá, Mónica; Ruiz-Ederra, Javier; Hernández-Barbáchano, Henesto; Vecino, Elena

doi:10.1002/cne.20516

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The porcine eye was chosen as a model since it has a retina with similar overall cone/rod and ganglion cell distribution as the human counterpart [13,14]. Eyes were harvested from adult pigs aged between 4 -6 months euthanized by an overdose of sodium pentobarbital, (Apoteket, Umeå, Sweden).…”

Section: Tissue Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro biomechanical modulation—retinal detachment in a box

Ghosh

Arnér

Taylor

2015

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Tissue Culturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro biomechanical modulation—retinal detachment in a box

Ghosh

Arnér

Taylor

2015

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…The cone:rod ratio is 1:3 to 1:5 (Chandler et al, 1999; Gerke et al, 1995) and falls to ~1:17 in the periphery (Hendrickson & Hicks, 2002). Like the human, the high cone density is matched by high ganglion cell density (Garcá et al, 2005). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodoacetic acid, but not sodium iodate, creates an inducible swine model of photoreceptor damage

Noel

Castro

DeMarco

et al. 2012

Experimental Eye Research

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Our purpose was to find a method to create a large animal model of inducible photoreceptor damage. To this end, we tested in domestic swine the efficacy of two chemical toxins, known to create photoreceptor damage in other species: Iodoacetic Acid (IAA) and Sodium Iodate (NaIO3). Intravenous (IV) administration of NaIO3 up to 90 mg/kg had no effect on retinal function and 110 mg/kg was lethal. IV administration of IAA (5 – 20 mg/kg) produced concentration dependent changes in visual function as measured by full field and multi-focal electroretinograms (ffERG and mfERG), and 30 mg/kg IAA was lethal. The IAA-induced effects measured at two weeks were stable through eight weeks post-injection, the last time point investigated. IAA at 7.5, 10, and 12 mg/kg produce a concentration-dependent reduction in both ffERG b-wave and mfERG N1 – P1 amplitudes compared to baseline at all post-injection times. Comparisons of dark- and light-adapted ffERG b-wave amplitudes show a more significant loss of rod relative to cone function. The fundus of swine treated with ≥10 mg/kg IAA was abnormal with thinner retinal vessels and pale optic discs, and we found no evidence of bone spicule formation. Histological evaluations show concentration-dependent outer retinal damage that correlates with functional changes. We conclude that NaIO3, is not an effective toxin in swine. In contrast, IAA can be used to create a rapidly inducible, selective, stable and concentration-dependent model of photoreceptor damage in swine retina. Because of these attributes this large animal model of controlled photoreceptor damage should be useful in the investigation of treatments to replace damaged photoreceptors.

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“…Within recent years the use of pigs as an in vivo experimental model in ophthalmological posterior‐segment research has increased (Garcia et al. 2005; Kiilgaard et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in the pig

Kyhn

Kiilgaard

López

et al. 2007

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To establish a method allowing multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) recording with simultaneous fundus monitoring on anaesthetized pigs. In addition we characterize the peaks of the porcine mfERG trace, and compare the visual streak area with the optic nerve head, a known nonresponse area. Finally we illustrate the feasibility of the method by performing mfERG after an induced laser burn in the visual streak. Methods: Fifteen pigs underwent mfERG recordings at baseline, and after 1 and 6 weeks of observation. One pig was evaluated before and after retinal diode laser treatment in the visual streak. Results: The porcine mfERG trace appears similar to the human mfERG trace, and can be described by three peaks named N1, P1 and N2. Significantly faster implicit time was found in the visual streak regarding N1 (P < 0.001) than in areas outside the visual streak. Amplitudes of all three peaks were increased in the visual streak (P < 0.005). The laser-treated area was characterized by a response similar to what is found at the location of the optic nerve head. Conclusion: Porcine mfERG is similar in appearance to the human response and can be described by the same three peaks. Significantly higher amplitudes of all three peaks are found in the visual streak when compared to the optic nerve head and inferior retina. We have detected the functional deficit caused by a laser burn at the size of 3 · 3 mm.

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Topography of pig retinal ganglion cells

Cited by 64 publications

References 43 publications

In vitro biomechanical modulation—retinal detachment in a box

In vitro biomechanical modulation—retinal detachment in a box

Iodoacetic acid, but not sodium iodate, creates an inducible swine model of photoreceptor damage

The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in the pig

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