Comparison of Ginsenoside Components of Various Tissues of New Zealand Forest-Grown Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolium L.)

Abstract

Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) are the two most important ginseng species for their medicinal properties. Ginseng is not only popular to consume, but is also increasingly popular to cultivate. In the North Island of New Zealand, Asian ginseng and American ginseng have been grown in Taupo and Rotorua for more than 15 years. There are no publications comparing the chemical constituents between New Zealand-grown Asian ginseng (NZPG) and New Zealand-grown American ginseng (NZPQ). In this study, fourteen ginsenoside reference standards and LC–MS2 technology were employed to analyze the ginsenoside components of various parts (fine root, rhizome, main root, stem, and leaf) from NZPG and NZPQ. Fifty and 43 ginsenosides were identified from various parts of NZPG and NZPQ, respectively, and 29 ginsenosides were found in both ginseng species. Ginsenoside concentrations in different parts of ginsengs were varied. Compared to other tissues, the fine roots contained the most abundant ginsenosides, not only in NZPG (142.49 ± 1.14 mg/g) but also in NZPQ (115.69 ± 3.51 mg/g). For the individual ginsenosides of both NZPG and NZPQ, concentration of Rb1 was highest in the underground parts (fine root, rhizome, and main root), and ginsenoside Re was highest in the aboveground parts (stem and leaf).

Optimization of Extraction of Polyphenol from Panax Quinquefolius L. Using Central Composite Design/Response Surface Methodology

“…The main ingredients of P. quinquefolius L. are saponins, and also contain rich polysaccharides, volatile oils, and polyphenol. [3,4] In the research of polyphenols, it mainly focuses on the study of flavonoids, [5] and for the study on total polyphenols, only Wang Lijun conducts research on the polyphenol content of six saponins obtained by different elution and extraction methods from P. quinquefolium L. [6] The extraction and optimization of total polyphenols from P. quinquefolium L. have not been reported.…”

Ginseng Prong Added to Broiler Diets Reduces Lipid Peroxidation in Refrigerated and Frozen Stored Poultry Meats

“…Numerous biologically active components exist in ginseng root, leaf steam and prong. These include ginsenosides ( Figure 1 ), flavonoids, triterpenoids and polysaccharides [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. A number of studies have shown antioxidant activity of ginseng derived from both Panax quinefolium , or Panax ginseng C.A.…”

Panacis Quinquefolii Radix: A Review of the Botany, Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Industrial Applications Research Progress

“…Some qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to evaluate the quality of PQR. In the past, scholars mostly used thin-layer chromatography to qualitatively identify PQR ( Liu Y. et al, 2016 ), or established fingerprint of PQR by high-performance liquid chromatography for the qualitative identification ( Tang et al, 2015 ).In the past, colorimetry ( Yin et al, 2010 ), near infrared spectroscopy ( Huang et al, 2011 ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ( Nabuurs et al, 2017 ) inductively coupled plasma method ( Jiang et al, 2020 )gas chromatography ( Lin et al, 2018 ), high performance liquid chromatography in series with various detectors ( Chen et al, 2020 , Xiong et al, 2020 ), and immunoassay ( Morinaga et al, 2010 ) were used for multi-component determination and quality control of PQR. However, there are some defects in the design of these methods.…”