Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from forest operations in Finland and Sweden

Berg, Staffan

doi:10.1093/forestry/76.3.271

Cited by 87 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Forest ownership affects the industrial forest system's carbon budget due to the level of mechanization and terrain difficulty (Berg and Karjalainen, 2003) and regional and local factors (Birdsey and Lewis, 2002). In this study, LCI-H carbon budgets differed by as much as 44%, because of harvesting intensity per unit area and ratio of roundwood exports.…”

Section: The Harvest Process and Forest Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 75%

Life cycle inventories of roundwood production in northern Wisconsin: Inputs into an industrial forest carbon budget

White

Gower

Ahl

2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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Carbon budgets are developed to understand ecosystem dynamics and are increasingly being used to develop global change policy. Traditionally, forest carbon budgets have focused on the biological carbon cycle; however, it is important to include the industrial forest carbon cycle as well. The overall objective of this study was to quantify the major carbon fluxes associated with the production of Wisconsin's industrial roundwood, by using life cycle inventory (LCI) methodology to produce an industrial forest carbon budget. To achieve this objective we (1) developed carbon LCIs for the harvest process for three major forest ownerships (state, national, and private non-industrial), (2) developed carbon LCIs for a dimensional lumber and two oriented strand board (OSB) mills and (3) completed a scaled version of 1 and 2 to include more Wisconsin forestlands and to incorporate the other major processes within the industrial forest carbon cycle (e.g. primary mill, secondary mill, product use and product disposal processes of the industrial forest carbon cycle). The carbon budgets for the harvesting process of the ChequamegonNicolet National Forest (CNNF), the Northern Highland American Legion State Forest (NHAL), and the non-industrial private forests that participated in the managed forest laws of Wisconsin (MFL-NIPF) were 0.10, 0.18 and 0.11 tonnes C ha À1 year À1 ), respectively. The dimensional lumber and OSB products were both net carbon sources, and released 0.05-0.09 tonnes C/ tonnes C processed). More carbon is sequestered than released within the industrial forest carbon cycle of Wisconsin's national (6 g C m À2 year À1), state (12 g C m À2 year À1) and non-industrial private forests (7 g C m À2 year À1 ). Using published net ecosystem production data we estimate that the net forest carbon cycle budget (sum of the biological and industrial C cycle, [Gower, S.T., 2003. Patterns and mechanisms of the forest carbon cycle. Ann. Rev. Environ. Resour. 28,) for the CNNF ranges between À897 and 348 g C m À2 year À1 . Life cycle inventories of wood and paper products should be clear and explicitly state what processes are included, so that results can be used by policy makers and future researchers. #

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Section: The Harvest Process and Forest Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 75%

Life cycle inventories of roundwood production in northern Wisconsin: Inputs into an industrial forest carbon budget

White

Gower

Ahl

2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…There are many findings discussing the energy consumption of such operations Berg 2005, 2010). Other research discusses the determination of the emission of CO 2 (Berg and Karjalainen 2003;Dias et al 2007;Engel and Wegener 2012;Oberscheider et al 2013). The mentioned research findings include different methods and indexes characterizing the logging operations but the idea behind these indexes is, in general, the same.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an approach is not uncommon. Other researchers (Berg and Karjalainen 2003;Lindholm and Berg 2005;Dias et al 2007) also very often use data available in the literature. Determination of GHG and exhaust emissions is very often performed based on the fuel consumption (Oberscheider et al 2013;Klvac and Skoupy 2009) or based on the emissions determined in laboratory tests (Athanassiadis 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in the process of mechanized timber extraction and transport

et al. 2016

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The paper focuses on the determination of fuel consumption (CO 2 emission) and exhaust emissions such as CO, HC, NO x , and PM in the process of timber extraction and transport. A complex assessment of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions was performed for the entire, fully mechanized supply chain including, tree felling, delimbing, and bucking with a harvester, timber extraction with a forwarder and transport with a truck. The performed investigations determined unit exhaust emissions (referred to 1 m 3 of timber) for the entire technological process and its individual stages. The investigations of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption were performed under actual conditions of typical forest operations and transport. State-of-the-art portable emissions measurement system equipment was used for the measurements. The fuel consumption was determined through the carbon balance method. The investigations were performed for the process of extraction and transport of pulpwood. The measurements were performed on location in the town of Bębnikąt near Poznań, in a pinewood forest, typical of this part of Europe. The analysis includes the transport of timber to the lumberyard on a distance of 31.4 km. The total fuel consumption for the entire mechanized supply chain was 2.10 dm 3 /m 3 . The total exhaust emissions, however, amounted to: CO-8.91 g/m 3 , HC-1.19 g/m 3 , NO x -45.32 g/m 3 , PM-4.04 g/m 3 .

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“…Primary energy and long transportation distance are studied in Finland (Karjalainen and Asikainen, 1996). Berg and Karjalainen (2003) compare the GHG emissions of forest operations between Sweden and Finland. In an European context Schwaiger and Zimmer (2001) compare fuel consumption and GHG emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LCA of environmental and socio-economic impacts related to wood energy production in alpine conditions: Valle di Fiemme (Italy)

Valente

Spinelli

Hillring

2011

Journal of Cleaner Production

103

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a b s t r a c t An extended Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is performed for evaluating the impacts of a woody biomass supply chain for heating plants in the alpine region. Three main aspects of sustainability are assessed: greenhouse gas emissions, represented by global warming potential (GWP) impact category, costs and direct employment potential. We investigate a whole tree system (innovative logging system) where the harvest of logging residues is integrated into the harvest of conventional wood products. The case study is performed in Valle di Fiemme in Trentino region (North Italy) and includes theoretical and practical elements. The system boundary is the alpine forest fuel system, from logging operations at the forest stand to combustion of woody biofuels at the heating plant. The functional unit is 1 m3 solid over bark of woody biomass, delivered to the district heating plant in Cavalese (Trento). The relative sustainability of traditional and innovative systems is compared and energy use is estimated. Results show that the overall GWP and costs are about 13 kg CO2equivalent and 42 euro per functional unit respectively for the innovative system. Along the product supply chain, chipping contributes the greatest share of GWP and energy use, while extraction by yarder has the highest financial costs. The GWP is reduced by 2.3 ton CO2equivalent when bioenergy substitutes fuel oil and 1.7 ton CO2equivalent when it substitutes natural gas. The sensitivity analysis illustrates that variations in fuel consumption and hourly rates of cost have a great influence on chipping operation and extraction by cable yarder concerning GWP and financial analysis, respectively. This is confirmed by sensitivity analysis. Better technologies, the use of biofuels along the product supply chain and more efficient systems might reduce these impacts. Replacing the traditional system with the innovative one reduces emissions and costs. A low energy input ratio is required for harvesting logging residues. The direct employment potential is a conflicting aspect and needs further investigations. IntroductionInternational and national policies support the utilization of renewable energy and bioenergy for several purposes i.e. climate change mitigation, energy supply security and energy source diversification. The Kyoto protocol agreement (United Nations, 1998), the European Union target of a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions, energy consumption and energy based on fossil fuels (European Union, 2009), and the assumption of carbon neutrality for biomass (International Energy Agency, 2007) are the main drivers behind the implementation of bioenergy production. Along the Alps, local communities show high levels of awareness regarding renewable energy sources, while provincial policy-makers have a keen concern for environmental protection, and are open to the use of bioenergy for mitigating the effects of global warming.

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Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions from forest operations in Finland and Sweden

Cited by 87 publications

References 2 publications

Life cycle inventories of roundwood production in northern Wisconsin: Inputs into an industrial forest carbon budget

Life cycle inventories of roundwood production in northern Wisconsin: Inputs into an industrial forest carbon budget

Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in the process of mechanized timber extraction and transport

LCA of environmental and socio-economic impacts related to wood energy production in alpine conditions: Valle di Fiemme (Italy)

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