Comparison of hardness and polishability of various occlusal splint materials

Grymak, Anastasiia; Aarts, John M.; Ma, Sunyoung; Waddell, John Neil; Choi, Joanne Jung Eun

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104270

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An adequate wetting aspect of the denture bases and occlusal devices is important as it has various surface energies that have distinct wettability properties. 34 One study 35 investigated the hardness of the heat-cured and CAD/CAM materials in dry and wet conditions where specimens were stored in water for 30 days at 37°C. Both groups showed a statistically significant difference in nanohardness among the materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recommendation of water storage for heat‐cured acrylic removable dental appliances is common as the water sorption during the first three months of clinical use compensates for the shrinkage of the material and provides water balance and dimensional stability. An adequate wetting aspect of the denture bases and occlusal devices is important as it has various surface energies that have distinct wettability properties 34 . One study 35 investigated the hardness of the heat‐cured and CAD/CAM materials in dry and wet conditions where specimens were stored in water for 30 days at 37°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear Behavior of Occlusal Splint Materials Manufactured By Various Methods: A Systematic Review

Grymak

Aarts

et al. 2021

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Purpose To systematically review studies on various materials and methods used for wear testing of occlusal devices and their antagonists in vitro and in vivo. Methods An electronic search in OVID, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus was conducted using the following terms (MeSH words) with any synonyms and closed terms: “Splint*” OR “occlusal splint*” OR “night guard” OR “occlusal device” OR “occlusal devices” OR “deprogrammer” OR “bite splint” OR “bite plane” OR “orthotic appliance*” OR “orthotic devices” AND “wear” OR “two‐body wear” OR “three‐body wear” OR “tooth wear” OR “wear measurement*” OR “wear behaviour” OR “wear behavior” OR “abrasion” AND “Polymethyl Methacrylate” OR “PMMA” OR “acrylic resin*” OR “dental material*” OR “dental enamel” OR “CAD” OR “CAM” OR “PEEK” OR “material* testing”. Database search was limited to English‐language publications and published between 2001 and 1st of September 2021. A further hand search was done to ensure all materials were captured. Results After the removal of duplicates, 115 studies were identified, and 11 were chosen for review. Studies showed that the lowest volumetric loss was observed in PEEK occlusal device materials, whereas heat‐cure, CAD‐milled, and 3D printed occlusal device materials had no significant difference in wear. Vacuum‐formed materials showed the highest wear among all groups. Testing parameters were found to be inconsistent across all studies. Conclusion There is a need for standardization of in vitro and in vivo wear measurement and testing protocols as this study revealed a wide variety of testing protocols which potentially could influence the outcome. Polishing procedures are required for the material. Limited studies are available on 3D printed occlusal device materials and would therefore require further investigation, especially on printing build angles and settings. Further clinical studies would be advantageous to provide guidance on the selection of the best occlusal device material that would last the longest without remake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Behavior of Occlusal Splint Materials Manufactured By Various Methods: A Systematic Review

Grymak

Aarts

et al. 2021

Journal of Prosthodontics

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“…The individual hand geometry produced without the need of complex scanning devices serve as effective design references for improving hand products, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic seriously. On the other hand, PLA indeed provided more supporting constraint satisfaction for reaching more tensile force due to the character of the hardness according to the past research in materials [21] [22]. However, the questionnaire indicated that PLA has less satisfaction than other materials because the splint made by PLA is too hard to wear.…”

Section: Questionnaire Integrationmentioning

confidence: 83%

A Smart Parametric 3D Printing Hand Assistive Device With a Practical Physically Intervention Feedback Based on the Embedded IMU Sensor

Wang

Lin

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Assistive devices are one of the crucial medical instruments for rehabilitation. Customized designs are required to match the geometry and dimensions of the affected sites of human bodies. The existing practice of assistive device development remains mostly a manual process, in which an experienced physiotherapist employs simple two-dimensional measurements and visual estimation to handcraft each device. The resulting devices not only vary substantially in fit to wearers, but also are not compatible to modern developmental technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) printing. This study incorporated substantial quantities of anthropometric data to construct a parametric 3D hand model. This study employed a customized assistive device -splint for carpal tunnel syndrome as a target object for testing the feasibility of the proposed method and verified the practicability through 3D printing implementation. Moreover, a wearable device embedded with inertial measurement unit sensor and vibration module will be integrated into the customized assistive device to offer a smart way for rehabilitation. With the help of this developed wearable device, continuously tracking user's activity wirelessly and provide the real-time physically intervention feedback of vibration module based on backend monitoring system platform. This new concept by integrating customized design and the IMU sensor and vibration module open a new window for the field of customized assistive device and improve its practical values.

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“…It can be assumed that the material hardness has an effect on roughness. Light-curing occlusal splint resins are expected to have comparable hardness as auto-polymerizing systems [63,64], but hardness of 3D-printed occlusal splint materials is influenced by the print angle [17]. Martens hardness and indentation modulus depend on post-polymerization and are expected to decrease after water storage [39] [62].…”

Section: Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The success of a splint treatment depends to a large extent on the patient's compliance. Therefore, in addition to the mechanical requirements, splints should also meet esthetic [16,17], phonetic, and functional [18] demands. Basic esthetic requirements include color stability and surface gloss [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of storage and toothbrush simulation on color, gloss, and roughness of CAD/CAM, hand-cast, thermoforming, and 3D-printed splint materials

et al. 2022

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Objectives The aim was to investigate color, gloss, or roughness of splint materials after storage in liquids and toothbrush simulation. Materials and methods A total of 58 × 8 (n = 10 per material and group) specimens were fabricated (hand-cast, thermoforming, CAD/CAM-milled, 3D-printed materials); stored in air, water, coffee, red wine, and cleaning tablets; and investigated after fabrication, 24 h, two-, and four-week storage or toothbrushing. Color values (L*, a*, b*; ISO 11664–4:2008; CM–3500d, Konica-Minolta), gloss (ISO 2813:2014), and roughness values were determined (3D laser-scanning-microscope, KJ 3D, Keyence) before and after simulation or storage. Statistics: Levene-test, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, between-subjects effects, Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). Results Color, gloss, and roughness altered due to contact with staining solutions/toothbrush simulation. Highest impact on color, gloss, and roughness presented the material followed by storage time (ΔE material (η2 = 0.239/p < 0.001), storage time (η2 = 0.179/p < 0.001); gloss (η2 = 0.751/p < 0.001) (η2 = 0.401/p < 0.001); Ra/Rz (η2 ≥ 0.801/p < 0.001) (η2 ≥ 0.416/p < 0.001)). Correlations were found between Rz and Ra (Pearson 0.887/p ≤ 0.001) or Rz and ΔE (0.517/p ≤ 0.001) or Ra and ΔE (0.460/p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Storage and toothbrushing were accompanied by a change in color, gloss, and roughness. Almost all materials showed visible discoloration after 4 weeks of storage. Gloss values decreased as storage time increased. The initial roughness and polishability were better with harder materials. Clinical relevance. Milled and 3D printed splints show good color, gloss, and roughness resistance after 4-week storage or toothbrush application.

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Comparison of hardness and polishability of various occlusal splint materials

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Wear Behavior of Occlusal Splint Materials Manufactured By Various Methods: A Systematic Review

Wear Behavior of Occlusal Splint Materials Manufactured By Various Methods: A Systematic Review

A Smart Parametric 3D Printing Hand Assistive Device With a Practical Physically Intervention Feedback Based on the Embedded IMU Sensor

Effects of storage and toothbrush simulation on color, gloss, and roughness of CAD/CAM, hand-cast, thermoforming, and 3D-printed splint materials

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