“…Several studies suggest that this behavior represents an honest signal that provides reliable information about the sender, such as endurance capacity, bite force, and/or dominance (Baird and Slone, 2003;Perry et al, 2004). Whereas the headbob's structure is stereotyped, the duration and/or amplitude of headbob's units can show variation between sexes and individuals (Rothblum and Jenssen, 1978;Martins, 1991;Vicente, 2018), social contexts (Martins, 1993;Decourcy and Jenssen, 1994;Vicente, 2018) and populations (Martins et al, 1998;Macedonia and Clark, 2003;Macedonia et al, 2015), having a key role in signaling the species, sex, social function, and individual identity.…”