Comparison of heat and mass transfer of different microwave‐assisted extraction methods of essential oil from Citrus limon (Lisbon variety) peel

Abstract

Dried and fresh peels of Citrus limon were subjected to microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and solvent‐free microwave extraction (SFME), respectively. A comparison was made between MAHD and SFME with the conventional hydrodistillation (HD) method in terms of extraction kinetic, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity. Higher yield results from higher extraction rates by microwaves and could be due to a synergy of two transfer phenomena: mass and heat acting in the same way. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis did not indicate any noticeable differences between the constituents of essential oils obtained by MAHD and SFME, in comparison with HD. Antioxidant analysis of the extracted essential oils indicated that microwave irradiation did not have adverse effects on the radical scavenging activity of the extracted essential oils. The results of this study suggest that MAHD and SFME can be termed as green technologies because of their less energy requirements per ml of essential oil extraction.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Lemon (Citrus limon) Leaf Essential Oil

“…Majnooni et al (2012) and Golmakani et al (2015) observed the IC 50 values of bitter orange leaf and peel lemon oils which were collected from south of Iran, were 1.04 mg/mL and 44.06 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, radical scavenging ability of peel oil from pink-fleshed lemon (IC 50 = 26.66 mg/mL), C. jambhiri (IC 50 = 37.69 mg/mL) and C. pyriformis …”

“…Numerous studies have been performed on the chemical composition, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and radical scavenging abilities of the essential oils of peel and leaf of various species and/or cultivars of lemon around the world, where limonene has been always the prominent component found in all peel essential oils, whereas the leaf essential oil was generally rich in limonene, in some case other compounds were the major constituents (5,6,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM CANANGA (Cananga odorata) USING SOLVENT-FREE MICROWAVE EXTRACTION: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

“…The rate of the temperature rise for each of the microwave power can be measured by determining the slope of the linear section contained on the temperature profile. 7 From Figure 2, it can be seen that the rate of temperature rise for each of the used microwave power in the extraction process is as follows: 100 W is 3.35 o C/min; 240 W is 14.48 o C/min, and 380 is 18.70 o C/min. From Figure 2, it can generally be seen that the most rapid microwave power to raise the temperature is 380 W. However, in the extraction process using SFME method, there are material characteristics that affect the extraction process.…”

Caracterización química, variabilidad composicional y modelamiento matemático del efecto de aceites esenciales en Alternaria alternata

“…For cinnamon oil, Golmohammad et al (2012) reported yields of 3.6 %, and Saleem et al (2015) and Unlu et al (2010) reported yields of 0.93 %. Differences in yields of the EOs evaluated, compared with yields reported in literature, may be attributed to factors such as the methology used during essential oil extraction, as well as its effectiveness (Schmidt, 2009;Golmakani and Moayyedi, 2015).…”