Comparison of Iceball Diameter and Temperature Distribution Achieved with 3-mm Accuprobe Cryoprobes in Porcine and Human Liver Tissue and Human Colorectal Liver Metastases in Vitro

An analytical study on the thermal effects of cryosurgery on selective cell destruction

“…Probes of 3, 5 and 8 mm in diameter are simulated for a single freeze cycle of 20 min on a 15 mm diameter tumor. The probe tip temperature follows a uniform reduction in temperature to below À175 1C within the first 3 min independent of the tissue being frozen (Popken et al, 2000).…”

Morphological Analysis of the Interstitial Ultrasonic Ablation in Porcine Liver in vivo

“…A high risk of recurrence was reported above this size [2-4, 22, 23] . Multiple applications used to treat large tumors enhance the risk of tumor dissemination and other complications such as cryoshock observed with cryotherapy [23][24][25] . d Photo obtained on gross examination of the lesion sectioned along the probe track.…”

On the study of the freeze–thaw thermal process of a biological system

“…The developed model has been validated by comparing its temperature predictions with in vitro experimental data obtained from 2000) conducted experiments of a single freeze-cycle for 20 min on a human colorectal cancer liver metastases held at a saline bath at 37°C [26]. A 3 mm Accuprobe held at a relatively constant temperature of -180°C is used for cryo-freezing with thermocouples positioned at 10, 14 and 18 mm away from cryoprobe [26].…”

“…A 3 mm Accuprobe held at a relatively constant temperature of -180°C is used for cryo-freezing with thermocouples positioned at 10, 14 and 18 mm away from cryoprobe [26]. The reader is referred to their work for greater details regarding the experimental procedure and method.…”

“…(a) Comparison of temperature profiles from simulation and data obtained from experimental setup employing bio-gel with 95% confidence intervals; and (b) comparison of temperature profiles from simulation and data obtained from the literature(Popken et al, 2000).…”