Comparison of In Vitro Long Digestion Methods and Digestion Rates for Diverse Forages

Valentine, Maureen E.; Karayilanli, Elif; Cherney, J. H.; Cherney, D. J. R.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.03.0159

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Forage samples were oven‐dried to a constant weight at 60°C and ground in a Wiley mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ) to pass a 1‐mm sieve. Alfalfa and grass samples were analyzed separately using wet chemistry procedures described in Valentine, Karayilanli, Cherney, & Cherney (), using sodium sulfite in the neutral detergent solution. Forages were weighed into ANKOM F57 filter bags (ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY) for aNDF, ADF, ADL and 48 h in vitro digestibility analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive value and yield of reduced‐lignin alfalfa cultivars in monoculture and in binary mixtures with perennial grass

2020

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Improvements in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) forage nutritive value through reduction in lignin content have the potential to increase economic returns when it is fed to dairy cattle, either as a pure species or in mixture with perennial grasses. Our objective was to assess yield and nutritive value of reduced‐lignin alfalfa in monoculture and in binary mixtures with perennial grass. Studies were seeded in the spring of 2016 in Ithaca, NY, Lexington, KY, and Rosemount, MN, and harvested in 2016, 2017 and spring of 2018. WL 355.RR and Hx14376 reduced‐lignin alfalfa were seeded as pure stands and in mixture with festulolium [Festulolium loliaceum (Hudson) P.V. Fournier], meadow fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.; syn. Festuca pratensis Huds.; syn. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.], or orchardgrass (Dactlyis glomerata L.). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with a split plot arrangement of cutting management treatments in Ithaca and Lexington, harvesting at alfalfa first bud and first flower stages, and one harvest treatment in Rosemount at first flower. Samples were hand‐harvested for dry matter (DM) and nutritive value determinations. Reduced‐lignin alfalfa averaged between 11 and 18.5% less lignin over the 3 yr of the study, and averaged between 5.8 and 10.6% greater fiber digestibility, compared to a normal cultivar. Alfalfa response was relatively consistent across regions, but grass response was variable across regions for both grass proportion in mixtures and nutritive value. Perennial grasses grown with alfalfa must be evaluated on a regional basis to produce meaningful results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive value and yield of reduced‐lignin alfalfa cultivars in monoculture and in binary mixtures with perennial grass

2020

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“…Neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) was analyzed according to Van Soest et al (1991) including sodium‐sulfite using the ANKOM system (ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY). In vitro 48‐h fiber digestibility (NDFD 48 ) was determined according to ANKOM procedures described by Valentine et al (2018) using the Daisy II 200/220 incubator (ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY). Ruminal fluid inoculum was collected from a non‐lactating, rumen‐fistulated Holstein cow ( Bos taurus ) fed a medium quality hay diet ad libitum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Management for Forage Winter Cereals in the Northeastern USA

Lyons

Ketterings

Ort

et al. 2019

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Forage double cropping can be a beneficial practice for dairy farmers in the northeastern United States, providing an additional, harvestable crop plus many environmental benefits. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) are forage double crop options in New York that require nitrogen (N) management. From 2013 to 2016, 62 N‐rate trials were conducted across New York with five N rates (0, 34, 67, 101, and 135 kg N ha−1) applied in four replications at spring dormancy break. Forage was harvested at flag‐leaf stage in May (Feekes stage 9). Soil samples were taken prior to N‐application at dormancy break. Management practices and field characteristics were evaluated as predictors (using classification tree analyses) for yield and the most economic rate of N (MERN) at dormancy break, determined using a quadratic plateau model. Approximately one‐third of the sites did not respond in yield to spring N application, averaging 4.3 Mg DM ha−1. Of the remaining sites, ∼80% had MERNs ranging from 47 to 112 kg N ha−1, averaging 77 kg N ha−1, with yields at the MERN from 2.2 to 6.9 Mg DM ha−1, averaging 4.2 Mg DM ha−1. Yield could not accurately be predicted statistically. However, low‐yielding sites lacked fall manure application and well‐drained soils. We conclude that forage winter cereal fields with well‐drained soils, recent manure applications, and timely planting may not need additional N at dormancy break, while others require approximately 19 kg N ha−1 per Mg DM ha−1. Core Ideas N management is needed for optimum performance of forage winter cereal crops in New York. Yields of 1.0 to 6.9 Mg DM ha−1 were found in New York (4.1 Mg DM ha−1 average). Winter cereals required approximately 19 kg of N per 1 Mg DM for optimum forage yield. Soil drainage, manure history, and planting date affected N needs. Nitrogen rates beyond plant needs for optimum yield can increase crude protein.

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“…As a result of this emphasis, the accuracy and precision of NDFD determined after short or long time intervals is of considerable research and industry interest, as is the relative consistency of results generated from in situ, STD, or Ankom techniques, as well as assessment of the potential various procedural options within each methodology type. Past attempts to address these issues have included (1) assessment of vessel type, sealing, venting, and gassing procedures (Hall and Mertens, 2008); (2) comparisons of fiber-bag type and use of sodium sulfite at long incubation times (Valentine et al, 2019); (3) development of in vitro methods specifically to determine undigested NDF (Raffrenato et al, 2018); (4) evaluation of storage time and temperature for rumen fluid before transfer into the incubation flask (Robinson et al, 1999); (5) priming techniques for rumen fluid to improve precision ; (6) comparisons of in situ and various in vitro methods (Spanghero et al, 2010;Trujillo et al, 2010;Bender et al, 2016); and (7) quantification of 2 pools of digestible NDF (fast and slowly digested) with a minimal number of fermentation time points (Raffrenato et al, 2019). Current recommendations for method 3 Ankom procedures (Ankom Technology, 2017) suggest using a 0.25-g sample, but that a 0.50-g sample size is acceptable for a 48-h incubation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current recommendations for method 3 Ankom procedures (Ankom Technology, 2017) suggest using a 0.25-g sample, but that a 0.50-g sample size is acceptable for a 48-h incubation. Across past studies, both the 0.25-g (Robinson et al, 1999;Spanghero et al, 2010;Valentine et al, 2019) and the 0.50-g Trujillo et al, 2010;Bender et al, 2016) sample sizes have been used in conjunction with Ankom methodologies. Recent work in our laboratory (Coblentz et al, 2018b) evaluating rate kinetics of triticale forages used 0.30-g samples sealed within fiber bags as a procedural compromise between the 0.25-g sample size recommended for short incubation times and ensuring that adequate residue remained for good laboratory precision following 144-and 240-h incubations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sample size on neutral detergent fiber digestibility of triticale forages using the Ankom DaisyII Incubator system

Coblentz

Akins

Ogden

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Accurate and precise determinations of fiber digestibility are essential for proper diet formulation for dairy cows. Our objectives were 3-fold: (1) regress in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) values from 48 triticale forages determined at multiple endpoints ranging from 12 to 240 h with Ankom Daisy II Incubator system (Ankom Technology Corp., Macedon, NY) methods using 0.25-or 0.50-g sample sizes on concentrations of fiber-related analytes or growth stage; (2) directly compare NDFD values determined with 0.25-or 0.50-g sample sizes by Ankom methods after 12-, 24-, 30-, 48-, 144-, or 240-h incubations; and (3) compare NDFD values determined by Ankom methods after 30 and 48 h of incubation with those determined by traditional sealed-tube procedures obtained from a commercial laboratory. Generally, plant growth stage, which was quantified with a linear model suitable for serving as an independent regression variable, proved to be a better predictor variable for NDFD than neutral detergent fiber or acid detergent lignin. For direct comparisons of 0.25-and 0.50-g sample sizes using Ankom methods, the regression relationship for a 30-h incubation was explained by a linear model [Y = 1.206x -1.1; coefficient of determination (R 2 ) = 0.933], in which the slope differed from unity, but the intercept did not differ from 0. After a 48-h incubation, a linear model (Y = 1.014x + 7.1; R 2 = 0.964) indicated that the slope did not differ from unity, but the intercept was >0. A linear regression (Y = 1.040x -1.8; R 2 = 0.861) of the 30-h incubation results obtained by Ankom methods using the 0.25-g sample size on those from the commercial laboratory indicated the slope and intercept did not differ from unity or 0, respectively. A similar relationship was obtained from the 48-h incubation (Y = 1.021x -3.4; R 2 = 0.866). Relationships were poorer when the 0.50-g sample size was used by Ankom methods, particularly for the 30-h incubation, where the slope (0.824) was less than unity. Generally, NDFD values were greater for the 0.25-g sample size by Ankom methods, especially with 24-, 30-, and 48-h incubation times, and agreement with traditional sealed-tube methods was improved with the smaller sample size. Synchronization of results between Ankom and traditional methods needs to be further verified across a wider range of forages and harvest/preservation methods before definitive recommendations can be made.

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Comparison of In Vitro Long Digestion Methods and Digestion Rates for Diverse Forages

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Nutritive value and yield of reduced‐lignin alfalfa cultivars in monoculture and in binary mixtures with perennial grass

Nutritive value and yield of reduced‐lignin alfalfa cultivars in monoculture and in binary mixtures with perennial grass

Nitrogen Management for Forage Winter Cereals in the Northeastern USA

Effects of sample size on neutral detergent fiber digestibility of triticale forages using the Ankom DaisyII Incubator system

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