Comparison of induction motor drives for electric vehicle applications: Dynamic performance and parameter sensitivity analyses

Abstract

Indirect field oriented control (IFOC) and direct torque control (DTC) have been widely commercialized in induction motor drives, with each being favored by its supporters. In this paper, the dynamic performance of these drives for an electric vehicle application is examined, and sensitivities to parameter variations affecting this dynamic performance are explored. Key performance measures include torque and speed transients. To achieve decoupling between the drive and the switching scheme, both drives are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink for different switching schemes. These schemes include space-vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM), and hysteretic control for IFOC and DTC. DTC is also simulated with a switching table. Experimental results for some of these schemes are also presented. Results show that control performance is influenced by the switching scheme. It is shown that when IFOC and DTC are used with SVPWM, the torque response of IFOC is superior. These characteristics are verified by simulations. The work opens further discussion for the feasibility of applying IFOC in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. 1 Nomenclature P: Number of poles r s : Stator resistance (Ω) r r : Rotor resistance (Ω) L m : Mutual inductance (H) L s : Stator inductance (H) L r : Rotor inductance (H) τ r = L r /r r (s) σ = (L s L r -L m 2 )/L r : Leakage factor (H) ς = (L s L r -L m 2 )/L m 2 : per-unit leakage factor i qs : Quadrature stator current (A) i ds : Direct stator current (A) i abcs : 3-phase stator current (A) v qs : Quadrature stator voltage (V) v ds : Direct stator voltage (V) v abcs : 3-phase stator voltage (V) T e : Electromechanical torque (N·m) T L : Load torque (N·m) θ e : Electrical angle (rad) ω e : Electrical frequency (rad/s) ω r : Rotor speed (rad/s) ω rm : Mechanical speed (rad/s) ω sl : Slip frequency (rad/s) 1 This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Award Number N00014-08-1-0397.λ qs : Quadrature stator flux linkage (V·s) λ ds : Direct stator flux linkage (V·s) λ qr : Quadrature rotor flux linkage (V·s) λ dr : Direct rotor flux linkage (V·s) λ s = : Stator flux magnitude (V·s) λ r = : Rotor flux magnitude (V·s)The superscript "*" denotes a command input. The superscripts "e" and "s" denote variables in the synchronous and stationary reference frames, respectively.

A comparative study of different control techniques for an induction motor fed by a Z-source inverter for electric vehicles

“…small signal model of the high performance ZSI. The shootthrough duty ratio to capacitor voltage G s , the shootthrough duty ratio to peak dc-link voltage and the shoot-through duty ratio to inductor current small signal transfer functions of the high performance ZSI with inductive load are given by Eqs (10)(11)(12) at the bottom of this page [17], where , , , , , , are input voltage, equivalent dc load resistance, equivalent dc load inductance, steady state values of inductor current, capacitor voltage, load current and shoot-through duty ratio at certain operating point respectively, and , are the Z-network capacitor and inductor. Fig.…”

“…Many comparative studies of different control techniques of an induction motor drive fed by a VSI for electric vehicles applications are existed in the literature [11][12][13]. In [11,12], a comparison between three control techniques, which are: the indirect field oriented control with current hysteresis, the direct torque control with a switching table and the DTC with space vector modulation (DTC-SVM), was presented with a conclusion that the DTC-SVM control technique is the most suitable control technique for HEV applications.…”

“…In [11,12], a comparison between three control techniques, which are: the indirect field oriented control with current hysteresis, the direct torque control with a switching table and the DTC with space vector modulation (DTC-SVM), was presented with a conclusion that the DTC-SVM control technique is the most suitable control technique for HEV applications. Although, Ref.…”

Smooth switching controllers for reliable induction motor drive operation after sensor failures

“…Control methods of inverter-fed electric machines vary in complexity and accuracy, with open-loop V/f control allowing for basic system operation without the use of external sensors while lacking in output accuracy and overall response [1,2], to closed-loop methods that can establish more desirable electric drive dynamics [3]. To measure the necessary feedback information (rotor speed, phase current etc.…”

Intelligent Control for Torque Ripple Minimization in Combined Vector and Direct Controls for High Performance of IM Drive

“…Investigation on motor characteristics, including torque, speed and current, under the effect of the rotor resistance has been presented in [9,10] and many solutions have been proposed to increase the robustness of the drive [11,12].…”