Comparison of insulin signaling gene expression in insulin sensitive tissues between cats and dogs

Mori, Akira; Lee, P.; Takemitsu, Hiroshi; Sako, Toshinori; Arai, Toshiro

doi:10.1007/s11259-008-9168-1

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similarly, Mori et al (2009) reported that MDH1 mRNA is highly expressed in skeletal muscle in cats. We confirmed the high expression level of MDH1 in feline heart and skeletal muscle and determined that MDH2 is also expressed at high levels in heart and skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Molecular analysis of cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases isolated from domestic cats (Felis catus)

Sasaki¹,

Nakamura²,

Soeta³

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) plays crucial roles in energy and cellular metabolism. In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of cytosolic MDH (MDH1) and mitochondrial MDH (MDH2) in liver of domestic cat (Felis catus). To clone the feline full-length MDH genes, we performed rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The MDH1 gene encoded a protein of 334 amino acids and the MDH2 gene encoded a protein of 338 amino acids, containing a 24-amino acid mitochondrial target sequence. The feline MDH1 and MDH2 proteins shared, respectively, 98.8-93.7 and 96.7-94.4% homology with dog, giant panda, horse, cow, pig, human, mouse, and rat. The feline MDHs had a highly conserved active motif, which contained important residues for catalysis and coenzyme binding. The putatively acetylated lysine residues that regulate MDH activity were also conserved at K118, K121, and K298 in MDH1, and K185, K301, K307, and K314 in MDH2. Both MDH1 and MDH2 mRNAs were ubiquitously expressed, but these expression levels varied in a tissue-specific manner. Both MDH genes were expressed at considerably high levels in heart and skeletal muscle, but at low levels in lung and spleen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Molecular analysis of cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases isolated from domestic cats (Felis catus)

Sasaki¹,

Nakamura²,

Soeta³

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Even though inter-species differences in enzyme activities have to be interpreted with caution, it seems that cats may be less insulin sensitive than dogs because the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism is lower in insulin-sensitive tissues in cats than in dogs (Mori et al, 2009a;Mori et al, 2009b). Nonetheless, and similar to dogs, obese cats have an increased expression of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes compared to their lean counterparts (Brennan et al, 2004;Mori et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Dogs and Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, and similar to dogs, obese cats have an increased expression of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes compared to their lean counterparts (Brennan et al, 2004;Mori et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Dogs and Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats

Osto

Lutz

2015

European Journal of Pharmacology

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A prolonged imbalance between a relative increase in energy intake over a decrease in energy expenditure results in the development of obesity; extended periods of a positive energy balance eventually lead to the accumulation of abnormally high amounts of fat in adipose tissue but also in other organs. Obesity is considered a clinical state of impaired general heath in which the excessive increase in adipose tissue mass may be associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses briefly the use of animal models for the study of obesity and its comorbidities. Generally, most studies are performed with rodents, such as diet induced obesity and genetic models. Here, we focus specifically on two different species, namely dogs and cats. Obese dogs and cats show many features of human obesity. Interestingly, however, dogs and cats differ from each other in certain aspects because even though obese dogs may become insulin resistant, this does not result in the development of diabetes mellitus. In fact, diabetes in dogs is typically not associated with obesity because dogs present a type 1 diabetes-like syndrome. On the other hand, obese cats often develop diabetes mellitus which shares many features with human type 2 diabetes; feline and human diabetes are similar in respect to their pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. Our review discusses genetic and endocrine factors in obesity, discusses obesity induced changes in lipid metabolism and includes some recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in obesity. Compared to research in rodent models, the array of available techniques and tools is unfortunately still rather limited in dogs and cats. Hence, even though physiological and pathophysiological phenomena are well described in dogs and cats, the underlying mechanisms are often not known and studies investigating causality specifically are scarce. diabetes; feline and human diabetes are similar in respect to their pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. Our review discusses genetic and endocrine factors in obesity, discusses obesity induced changes in lipid metabolism and includes some recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in obesity. Compared to research in rodent models, the array of available techniques and tools is unfortunately still rather limited in dogs and cats.Hence, even though physiological and pathophysiological phenomena are well described in dogs and cats, the underlying mechanisms are often not known and studies investigating causality specifically are scarce.

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“…In particular, IRS-1, IRS-2 and PI3-K P-85 are important downstream players of insulin [59] and have been implicated with the incidence of insulin resistance and DM [22,28,48]. They are expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscle, abdominal fat and peripheral leukocytes [33,34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that leukocytes can be used to indirectly monitor changes in certain insulinsensitive tissues depending on what marker is utilized [34]. Leukocytes are usually used in clinical studies on insulin action because they are 1) insulin target cells and 2) easy to access as opposed to other insulin-sensitive tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Intensive Insulin Treatment of Type 1 Diabetic Dogs Leads to Restoration of Peripheral Leukocyte Insulin Signaling Gene Expression and Enzyme Activities

Mori

Lee

Sako

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intensive insulin treatment of dogs suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus, resulting in tight glycemic control, could be reflected by changes in peripheral leukocyte metabolism. Specifically, plasma metabolites and enzyme activities were assessed. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine changes in insulin signaling gene (insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) P85) mRNA levels in peripheral leukocytes. Lastly, leukocyte enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism were examined for changes in glucose utilization. Our results indicated that intensive insulin treatment was successful in type 1 DM dogs, leading to tight glycemic control. The mean glucose concentration and glycated albumin percentage significantly decreased to 156 mg/dl and 15.6%, respectively, following treatment. In peripheral leukocytes, the IRS-2 and PI3-K p85 mRNA levels significantly increased, and a significant increase in pyruvate kinase and pyruvate carboxylase activity, two enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism, was also observed post treatment. Therefore, the observed changes in insulin signaling pathway activity and cellular energy metabolism enzyme activity in peripheral leukocytes are considered to be characteristics of amelioration of glucose metabolism by insulin action. As such, peripheral leukocytes are sufficiently sensitive to monitor for improving glycemic control during intensive insulin treatment of type 1 DM dogs. Blood cells such as leukocytes are much more readily available than muscle or adipose tissue for studies in dogs.KEY WORDS: diabetes mellitus, dogs, insulin receptor substrate, intensive glycemic control, leukocytes.

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Comparison of insulin signaling gene expression in insulin sensitive tissues between cats and dogs

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Molecular analysis of cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases isolated from domestic cats (Felis catus)

Molecular analysis of cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases isolated from domestic cats (Felis catus)

Translational value of animal models of obesity—Focus on dogs and cats

Successful Intensive Insulin Treatment of Type 1 Diabetic Dogs Leads to Restoration of Peripheral Leukocyte Insulin Signaling Gene Expression and Enzyme Activities

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