Successful Intensive Insulin Treatment of Type 1 Diabetic Dogs Leads to Restoration of Peripheral Leukocyte Insulin Signaling Gene Expression and Enzyme Activities

Mori, Akira; Lee, Peter; Sako, Toshinori; Mizutani, H.; Arai, Toshiro

doi:10.1292/jvms.71.1017

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Two studies in animals have demonstrated the expression of IRS1 in leukocytes [13, 14] the first, using a one dog and one cat, evaluated by PCR the expression of IRS1 and IRS2, PI3-K, P-85 α in different tissues responsive to insulin and in peripheral leukocytes. The aim was to investigate differences in expression of markers found in both species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of IRS1 and 2 in lymphocytes has not been demonstrated in humans but has been shown in some animal studies [13, 14]. Impairment of IRS2 expression (but not in IRS1) in monocyte cells was demonstrated in first-degree relatives of type 2 DM patients [15] The objective of this study is to determine the expression of IRS1 in peripheral leukocytes (IRS1 cells) of HCV-infected patients and in a control group (blood donors), correlating it with the expression of IRS1 in the liver (IRS1 liver) and the presence of insulin resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IRS1 Expression in Hepatic Tissue and Leukocytes in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients: A Comparative Study

Kappel

Filho

Álvares‐da‐Silva

2012

International Journal of Hepatology

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Aims. To determine lymphocyte IRS (IRS1 cells) in HCV patients, correlating it to liver IRS (IRS 1liver) and HOMA-IR. This study tested the hypothesis that IRS1 cells expression can be used as insulin resistance (IR) marker in HCV-infected patients. IRS1 cells were not studied before in HCV infection. Materials and Methods. HCV chronically infected patients, naïve, nonobese, noncirrhotic, and nondiabetic were prospectively included and compared to controls (blood donors). Blood was taken, and leukocytes were separated. IRS1 was determined by real-time PCR. Liver tissue was obtained from transplant donors as controls. Results. 41 HCV-positive patients were included, 26 males (60.5%); mean age of 45 (±7.9); 33 (80.5%) from genotype 1. 6 out of 12 controls were males (50%); mean age was 26.7 (±3.2). There was expression of IRS1 in leukocytes. The median IRS1 cells (HCV) were 0.061 (0.004 to 0.469); the median IRS 1liver (HCV) was 0.0003 (0.00002 to 0.0186)—lower than in controls (resp., P = 0.005 and P = 0.018). HOMA-IR had an inverse correlation with IRS 1liver (P = 0.04). There was no correlation between IRS1 liver and IRS1 cells (P = 0.930). Conclusions. There was expression of IRS1 in leukocytes. IRS1 cells and IRS1 liver were lower in HCV patients than in controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRS1 Expression in Hepatic Tissue and Leukocytes in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients: A Comparative Study

Kappel

Filho

Álvares‐da‐Silva

2012

International Journal of Hepatology

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“…The role of tight glycemic control in critically ill human and small animal veterinary patients and its effect on GIDM is not completely understood and is frequently contested. There is some evidence that maintaining normoglycemia by intensive insulin therapy in critical illness minimizes feeding intolerance and may improve immune function, but the clinical benefit of this approach has been questioned …”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Gidmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Whitehead

Cortes

Eirmann

2016

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective -To review the human and veterinary literature regarding gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility disorders in respect to pathogenesis, patient risk factors, and treatment options in critically ill dogs and cats. Etiology -GI dysmotility is a common sequela of critical illness in people and small animals. The most common GI motility disorders in critically ill people and small animals include esophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying, functional intestinal obstruction (ie, ileus), and colonic motility abnormalities. Medical conditions associated with the highest risk of GI dysmotility include mechanical ventilation, sepsis, shock, trauma, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ failure. The incidence and pathophysiology of GI dysmotility in critically ill small animals is incompletely understood. Diagnosis -A presumptive diagnosis of GI dysmotility is often made in high-risk patient populations following detection of persistent regurgitation, vomiting, lack of tolerance of enteral nutrition, abdominal pain, and constipation. Definitive diagnosis is established via radioscintigraphy; however, this diagnostic tool is not readily available and is difficult to perform on small animals. Other diagnostic modalities that have been evaluated include abdominal ultrasonography, radiographic contrast, and tracer studies. Therapy -Therapy is centered at optimizing GI perfusion, enhancement of GI motility, and early enteral nutrition. Pharmacological interventions are instituted to promote gastric emptying and effective intestinal motility and prevention of complications. Promotility agents, including ranitidine/nizatidine, metoclopramide, erythromycin, and cisapride are the mainstays of therapy in small animals. Prognosis -The development of complications related to GI dysmotility (eg, gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration) have been associated with increased mortality risk. Institution of prophylaxic therapy is recommended in high-risk patients, however, no consensus exists regarding optimal timing of initiating prophylaxic measures, preference of treatment, or duration of therapy. The prognosis for affected small animal patients remains unknown. (J Vet Emerg

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Evaluation of artificial pancreas technology for continuous blood glucose monitoring in dogs

et al. 2011

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Artificial pancreas technology, involving "closed-loop" controls with real-time blood glucose monitoring, has been increasing in reliability as its potential for clinical use and application grows. One such device, based on this technology, is the STG-22 (Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) artificial pancreas apparatus. In order to assess the reliability and accuracy of the device for measuring blood glucose, it is important to compare its readings to those obtained using a 'gold standard' method, such as the hexokinase method. Therefore, in the present study, canine blood [glucose] measurements using the STG-22 were compared to those obtained using a previously established commercial reagent, Quickauto-Neo GLU-HK. Furthermore, two different sample types (whole blood versus plasma constituent) were compared to determine which sample type results in more accurate and optimal readings with the STG-22. Given that the STG-22 was not primarily designed for canine blood samples, results for canine blood samples were not accurate. Measurements performed by the STG-22 with whole blood were significantly lower than reference [glucose] counterparts. Alternatively, an opposite trend was observed with plasma measurements that were significantly higher. A conversion format using the following formula, Hexokinase [glucose] = STG-22 [glucose] × 1.407 + 1.532, was observed with canine samples in our study.

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Successful Intensive Insulin Treatment of Type 1 Diabetic Dogs Leads to Restoration of Peripheral Leukocyte Insulin Signaling Gene Expression and Enzyme Activities

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

IRS1 Expression in Hepatic Tissue and Leukocytes in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients: A Comparative Study

IRS1 Expression in Hepatic Tissue and Leukocytes in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients: A Comparative Study

Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Evaluation of artificial pancreas technology for continuous blood glucose monitoring in dogs

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