Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Whitehead, KimMi; Cortes, Yonaira; Eirmann, Laura

doi:10.1111/vec.12449

Cited by 38 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 255 publications

(303 reference statements)

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“…One hundred percent RER is typically the maximum caloric target fed, as it has been shown that postoperative patients and critically ill patients do not have needs in excess of RER . In addition, gastrointestinal dysmotility is common in this patient population and is most often manifested as delayed gastric emptying and ileus . Delayed gastric emptying and ileus may predispose a patient to intolerance of tube feedings due to excessive gastric residual volume, vomiting, or regurgitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective evaluation of 24 cases of gastrostomy tube usage in dogs with septic peritonitis (2009–2016)

Hansen

Hlusko

Matz

et al. 2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective: To describe the postoperative use of gastrostomy tubes (GT) in dogs with septic peritonitis. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with GT placement and use that may be related to outcome.Design: Retrospective study. Setting: University teaching hospital.Animals: Twenty-four dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis with GT placement at the time of exploratory laparotomy. Interventions: None.Measurements and Main Results: Eighteen dogs (75%) survived to discharge. Eighteen dogs (75%) had a gastrointestinal source of septic peritonitis. Complications were reported in 12/24 (50%) patients. Four dogs (16.6%) had non-GT-related complications such as vomiting, regurgitation, or increased gastric residual volume. GT-related complications occurred in 8/24 (33.3%) dogs, the majority of which (6/8 [75%]) were minor and did not necessitate removal of the GT. Two dogs had major complications that required removal of the GT. Significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were found between the length of time after placement of the GT to when they began eating and outcome (discharge versus death versus euthanasia) (P = 0.03), and GT dwell time (length of time the GT was in place) and outcome (P = 0.006). Clinically relevant correlations were found between the time after placement of the GT until feeding and time after placement until voluntarily eating (P = 0.0349), time after placement of the GT until voluntarily eating and length of hospitalization (P = 0.0391), and time after placement of the GT until feeding and length of hospitalization (P = 0.036). Conclusions:GTs can be placed during exploratory laparotomy in dogs with septic peritonitis.They facilitate early enteral nutrition and are associated with few clinically significant complications. Prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal postoperative feeding plan and the effects of early enteral nutrition on serum albumin concentration in this patient population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective evaluation of 24 cases of gastrostomy tube usage in dogs with septic peritonitis (2009–2016)

Hansen

Hlusko

Matz

et al. 2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…For example, a dog with cricopharyngeal achalasia would require myectomy of the cricopharyngeous muscle while a dog with a hiatal hernia with consequent gastroesophageal reflux could be managed medically with prokinetic and acid suppressant therapy or via surgical reduction of the hiatus or both. Thus, a thorough understanding of the underlying cause(s) for dysphagia is imperative for formulating an appropriate therapeutic plan and prognosis …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic outcome of contrast videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in 216 dysphagic dogs

Pollard

Marks

Cheney

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Determining the anatomic and functional origin for dysphagia is critical for development of an appropriate therapeutic plan and determination of the prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the quantitative and qualitative outcome of contrast videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in a large cohort of dysphagic dogs presenting to a tertiary veterinary care hospital. The videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were reviewed to generate values for pharyngeal constriction ratio, timing of swallowing events (maximum pharyngeal contraction, opening of upper esophageal sphincter, closing of upper esophageal sphincter, and reopening of epiglottis), type of esophageal peristalsis generated, and esophageal transit time. One or more anatomic locations for origin of dysphagia were assigned (pharyngeal, cricopharyngeal, esophageal (primary motility disorder), other esophageal (stricture, vascular ring anomaly, mass), lower esophageal sphincter/hiatus. Sixty-one of 216 studies (28%) were deemed unremarkable. Twenty-seven of 216 dogs (13%) had pharyngeal dysphagia, 17/216 dogs (8%) had cricopharyngeal dysphagia, 98/216 dogs (45%) had dysphagia secondary to esophageal dysmotility, 19/216 dogs (9%) had dysphagia secondary to focal esophageal disorders, and 97/216 dogs (45%) had dysphagia of lower esophageal sphincter/hiatus origin. Multiple abnormalities were present in 82/216 (38%) dogs. Elevated pharyngeal constriction ratio was associated with pharyngeal, cricopharyngeal, and esophageal motility disorders, delayed upper esophageal sphincter opening was associated with cricopharyngeal disorders, a lower percentage of primary esophageal peristaltic waves was associated with cricopharyngeal, pharyngeal, or primary esophageal motility disorders. In conclusion, videofluoroscopic swallowing studies was pivotal in the diagnosis of dysphagia with 155/216 (72%) dogs receiving a final diagnosis.

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“…For a full review of these anti‐emetics, the reader is directed elsewhere (Vail ; Whitehead et al . ).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients

Tumielewicz¹,

Hudak

Kim

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Oncological emergencies can occur at any time during the course of a malignancy and need to be recognized promptly to maximize successful outcomes. Emergencies are characterized as chemotherapy‐induced, paraneoplastic syndromes, or directly related to the neoplasm. Prompt identification with treatment of these emergencies can prolong survival and improve quality of life, even in the setting of terminal illness. This review aims to educate the reader on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of some of these emergencies, and to review the current veterinary literature to help educate veterinarians in primary and tertiary facilities to know how to diagnose and treat these serious conditions.

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Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Cited by 38 publications

References 255 publications

Retrospective evaluation of 24 cases of gastrostomy tube usage in dogs with septic peritonitis (2009–2016)

Retrospective evaluation of 24 cases of gastrostomy tube usage in dogs with septic peritonitis (2009–2016)

Diagnostic outcome of contrast videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in 216 dysphagic dogs

Review of oncological emergencies in small animal patients

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