Comparison of Invaded and Non-Invaded Sites: A Case Study of Rough Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.) an Alien Invasive Species

Ullah, Rafi; Khan, Nafeesa Farooq; Rahman, Aminur

doi:10.15666/aeer/1902_15331548

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Cowie et al ( 2019 ) have shown an increase in the growth rate and biomass production of the X. strumarium in nutrient‐rich environments (alongside plant biomass variations). Furthermore, environmental degradation and perturbance promote invaders such as P. hysterophorus (Rathee et al, 2021 ; Seta et al, 2013 ) and X. strumarium (Ullah et al, 2021 ). A combination of soil instability and fertilizer addition was found to have the most significant effect on the promotion and development of non‐native species (Hobbs & Huenneke, 1992 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

2022

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Invasive biology acknowledges the concept of better performance by invasive plants in the introduced range. Xanthium strumarium L. is one of the successful invasive species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The phenological pattern, vegetative and reproductive traits plasticity analysis of the species was explored to explain the invasive success across the altitudinal gradient in the current invaded habitats. Phenological patterns and timing (seedling, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, drying, and seed bank) were observed during a full year for two seasons. We also examine plant functional traits at altitudes of 500, 1000, and 1500 m a.s.l. to assess traits and biomass variations. The X. strumarium exhibits late vegetative and reproductive phenology at higher altitudes, enabling them to occupy an empty niche and benefit from decreased competition for resource acquisition. The lower altitude plants show a higher growth rate (stem size increase, number of leaves, and leaf area) due to the higher nutrient availability. Higher altitude plants have the highest reproductive biomass and biomass ratio revealing plant abilities to be reproductively adapted in the higher altitudes. Among climatic variables, mean yearly temperature, mean annual yearly humidity, and mean day length in hours, while in soil variables, organic matter and nitrogen percentage significantly affect the phenological and morphological stages. Therefore, we conclude that X. strumarium can invade higher altitudes with a shift in its phenological and morphological changes making the invasion process successful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

2022

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“…The complex interaction among individuals of different species and several environmental components leads to spatial diversities in plant species communities (Márialigeti et al 2016;Ullah et al 2021). Vegetation-environmental relations are scale-dependent (Qiu et al 2013;Huo et al 2014) and largely influenced by certain environmental factors such as topographic variables (elevation, slope, aspect), soil features, and stand condition at a local scale (Cheng et al 2021;Deák et al 2021), but at a regional scale, the role of climatic variables are more significant (Jarvis et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the topography has highly influenced the distribution of plant species (Khan et al 2015), due to its linkages with other factors (e.g., light intensity, precipitation, and soil physiochemical properties) which directly affect plant accessible resources like, soil moisture, and nutrients (Carboni et al 2010;Yu & Sun 2013). The effects of the aforementioned variables are of major importance for the species distribution and normal functions of its life cycle (Ullah et al 2020) apart from field management, natural and anthropogenic disturbances (Khan et al 2013;Ullah et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do environmental variables and overstory communities affect the spatial pattern of understory vegetation? Lessons from Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. forests in Pakistan

Ali

Khan

2022

Acta Bot. Bras.

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The importance of understory vegetation cannot be denied as an integral component of forest ecosystems, but there is a dearth of studies to explore the effects of environmental variables and canopy species on its diversity and composition. Here we investigated the effects of environmental variables and overstory stand structure on the understory vegetation in old-growth Monotheca buxifolia dominated forests with considerable co-dominance of other broadleaved by using ecologically standardized data collection methods across Pakistan. Multivariate analyses were used to examine the vegetation composition and different species assemblages with multiple influencing variables. We found a total of 58 understory species belonging to 55 genera and 30 families mostly representing pluriregional (33.89 %) chorological affinities with therophytic (17 species) life-form dominance and microphyll (34.48 %) leaf-size spectrum. Likewise, significant differences were observed in species richness and diversity indices between different understory community types. Attributes such as elevation, aspect, soil properties, and tree canopy structure were most strongly correlated with the Redundancy Analysis (RDA-ordination), indicating that several factors exert the strongest influence and explained the spatial pattern of understory vegetation. The findings of this research can assist forestry resources managers, forest biologists and ecologists in restoration and conservation plans for understory vegetation in the region.

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“…According to a study by Cowie et al (2019) , plant growth rate and biomass production increased under nutrient-rich conditions (along with changes in plant biomass), which are in line with our findings. Evidence suggests that invaders such as P. hysterophorus disruption ( Seta et al, 2013 ; Rathee et al, 2021 ) and X. strumarium ( Ullah et al, 2021 ) have been shown to benefit from environmental degradation. The combination of soil instabilities and fertilizers inputs are the most critical factor in promoting and developing non-native species ( Hobbs and Huenneke, 1992 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasticity has been reported in morphological features such as plant height, internode length, and shoot numbers. Still, the current trends include biomass allocation, relative growth, and rate of assimilations ( Ullah et al, 2021 ). Invasive plants use morphological and physiological changes to adapt to shifting environmental conditions ( Khan et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment-Driven Changes in the Functional Traits of Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L). Gaertn.] Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Semi-Arid Environment: Perspective on Future Plant Invasion

Khan

Ullah²,

Alamri³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The elevation is an important gradient across which the environmental variables and plant traits vary and is considered as a barrier to the recent global problem of plant invasion. However, certain invasive plants show plasticity traits to adapt and cope with the changes across the elevation. Silybum marianum (S. marianum) is one such invasive species widely spread in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Therefore, this study investigates the traits plasticity and invasive behaviors of this plant species across the elevation gradient. Plant functional traits (PFTs) and environmental variables were recorded in forty different low, middle, and high elevation sites. The plant shows a decrease in plant functional traits, i.e., above-ground plant height/plant, leaf length/leaf, leaf width/leaf, leaf dry weight/plant, vegetative dry weight/plant, and number of capitula/plant having the significance of p < 0.05. In contrast, the dry reproductive weight does not change significantly with elevation, while the root length increases across the elevation. The soil and environmental variables such as organic matter, lime percentage, and latitude significantly affected the PFTs. The importance value index of the species was also related to elevation and diversity indices, i.e., species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, and evenness index, indicating that the invasion has strong effects on diversity. This study concludes that S. marianum has traits plasticity across the elevation and affects community diversity. Further investigation is required to understand the invasion and diversity parameters in a better way.

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Comparison of Invaded and Non-Invaded Sites: A Case Study of Rough Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.) an Alien Invasive Species

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

Which factor explains the life‐history of Xanthium strumarium L., an aggressive alien invasive plant species, along its altitudinal gradient?

Do environmental variables and overstory communities affect the spatial pattern of understory vegetation? Lessons from Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. forests in Pakistan

Environment-Driven Changes in the Functional Traits of Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L). Gaertn.] Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Semi-Arid Environment: Perspective on Future Plant Invasion

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