Comparison of Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) over Sonmiani (Pakistan) with NeQuick-2 and IRI-2012 during July 2014 – June 2015

Ameen, Muhammad Ayyaz; Jabbar, Mehak Abdul; Yu, Xiongdong; Zhen, Weimin; Murtaza, Ghulam; Chishtie, Farrukh; Khursheed, Haqqa; Atiq, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2018.09.017

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These stations can receive signals from mostly GNSS satellites, including Beidou, GPS, and GLONASS. And these stations can provide TEC data with 30‐s time resolution (e.g., Huang et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2023). This work used 55 stations with GNSS receivers.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

Kuai,

Sun,

Liu

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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Previous studies paid little attention to the ionospheric storm‐time altitudinal differences due to insufficiency of ionospheric measurements. In this work, multiple instrumental observations were used to investigate the ionospheric storm‐time response at low latitudes in the American and Asian‐Australian sectors during the May 2021 geomagnetic storm. The ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite topside TEC presented opposite (positive/negative) variations in the low‐latitude and equatorial region of both sectors during this storm. The electron density profiles from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2) and the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar showed a good agreement and well explained the opposite variations between GNSS TEC and LEO satellite topside TEC. The F2‐layer peak height (hmF2) and peak density (NmF2) displayed inverse variations, and the feature was present mostly in the regions between equatorial ionization anomaly crests. The combined modulation effects of the storm‐time zonal electric fields and the field‐aligned transports possibly resulted in the contrary variations of hmF2 and NmF2 in the low‐latitude and equatorial region, leading to the storm‐time altitudinal differences during this storm. Relatively, the storm‐time thermospheric composition disturbances might be a minor factor responsible for these differences.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

Kuai,

Sun,

Liu

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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“…When SUPARCO researchers attended the XIIIth IAGA (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy) Workshop held in Boulder, CO, USA, in 2008, they took advantage of the unique opportunity to make a contribution regarding taking absolute geomagnetic measurements using the Tavistock-V042717. A presentation was given on the topic of "Geomagnetic Activities of Pakistan" (Ashfaque et al, 2008). The participants also visited the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC), which is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; Love, 2008).…”

Section: The Contemporary Space Weather Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Pakistan Space Weather Centre (PSWC)

Tahir

Ameen

Talha

et al. 2020

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. This work focuses on the progress of space weather monitoring in Pakistan. Pakistan's first geomagnetic observatory was established in Quetta in 1953. However, the beginning of what we would now call space weather services on a formal level took place in 1971, when the national space agency, the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), established the country's first ionospheric station. Later, in 1983, a geomagnetic observatory was set up in Karachi with the aim of providing high frequency (HF) support and geomagnetic storm alerts to relevant users. With the progression of time, nations began to prioritize space weather monitoring to ensure the safety and security of technological assets. Therefore, it was considered imperative to upgrade the array of instruments in order to maintain the reliability of operations and the efficient utilization of data to contribute to research at local, regional and global scales. Pakistan has recently established a dedicated space weather monitoring facility known as the Pakistan Space Weather Centre (PSWC). This paper describes the historic evolution of space weather infrastructure in Pakistan and the current contribution of the PSWC.

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“…During geomagnetic quiet time, the electron density peaks in the mid‐latitudes have been analyzed from various data sets (Cai et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2020; Maruyama et al., 2016; Rajesh et al., 2016; Xiong et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2023; Zhong et al., 2019). These researches revealed that the mid‐latitude peaks prefer to appear around ±40° magnetic latitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Plasma Density Peak at Middle Latitudes During the April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

Yang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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This paper conducts a multi‐instrument analysis of a latitudinal plasma density peak at the middle latitudes during the early recovery phase of the April 2023 geomagnetic storm. The total electron content (TEC), peak density of the F layer, and the in situ plasma density from Swarm and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites all capture this peak feature. This narrow latitudinal peak structure appeared around 50°N and extended from 40°E to 150°E in longitude with a prolonged duration of about 8 hr from sunset to midnight. This mid‐latitude peak reveals a noticeable equatorward motion and a slight westward shift. According to the plasma composition observations from DMSP satellites, this peak structure shows an O+ ions dominance, which means that this peak is more likely to be formed by an internal rather than an external source from the plasmasphere. Meanwhile, the middle latitude Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) observed strong equatorward thermospheric winds, and the peak height of the F layer presented a visible elevation, which suggests that the equatorward wind lifting caused the plasma density enhancement. Besides, the O/N2 ratio significantly decreased at lower and middle latitudes, and ion drift observations showed a distinct subauroral westward channel. Based on these simultaneous measurements, this structure's sharp equatorward and poleward boundaries might be related to the O/N2 ratio change and the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) flow separately.

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Comparison of Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) over Sonmiani (Pakistan) with NeQuick-2 and IRI-2012 during July 2014 – June 2015

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

A Case Study of Ionospheric Storm‐Time Altitudinal Differences at Low Latitudes During the May 2021 Geomagnetic Storm

Evolution of the Pakistan Space Weather Centre (PSWC)

Localized Plasma Density Peak at Middle Latitudes During the April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm

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