Comparison of Kraft lignin and lignosulfonates addition to wheat gluten-based materials: Mechanical and thermal properties

Effect of Desulfonation of Lignosulfonate on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Lignin Composites

“…The slightly decreased mechanical strength in polymer/LS and PLA/lignin composites have also been reported by other researchers (Chung et al 2013;Duval et al 2013;Gordobil et al 2015). In our case, the slight reduction in maximum strength resulted from irregular condensation and a random dispersion of tiny DLS spheres in the PLA matrix (Fig.…”

Structure and properties of biodegradable wheat gluten bionanocomposites containing lignin nanoparticles

“…%. This result suggests the strong interactions between LNPs and WG matrix in the gluten rich phase, which restricts the mobility of the motion of WG chain segments and elevates the glass transition temperature with increasing content of LNPs (Duval et al, 2013). It also may be responsible for the moisture content of WG biocomposite films, since an increase in water content induces a strong decrease in the T g in some other protein-glycerol mixture systems (Duval et al, 2013;Forssell et al, 1997;Myllärinen et al, 2002).…”

“…The decrease of MC reaches in average 12.64% of the initial value for WG/0LNP, and down to 10.14% for WG/3LNP, while the WU declines from 142.16 to 103.21% after soaking in distilled water for 10 min. Indeed, lignin is known to be a hydrophobic molecule because of its aromatic skeleton, and naturally reduces the hydrophilicity of the blends (Duval et al, 2013). The main reason for the reduction in moisture adsorption has to be related to the presence of lignin, that was able to reduce the water absorption, because of the non-polar hydrocarbon chains in the lignin molecules (Zhang.…”

“…Wheat gluten (WG) protein is an attractive material as agropolymer because of its high availability and it can be easily processed into films (Domenek et al, 2004;Lens et al, 2003;Mojumdar et al, 2011). Besides the rapid biodegradability of wheat gluten films, such materials exhibit effective barrier properties against lipids and gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and aroma compounds (Duval et al, 2013;Gontard et al, 1994;Tunc et al, 2007). The gluten system is considered as a polymer network, which is stabilized by various interactions and crosslinking reactions, such as covalent bonds, non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic or ionic interactions) and entanglements.…”

Effect of processing conditions and lignin content on thermal, mechanical and degradative behavior of lignin nanoparticles/polylactic (acid) bionanocomposites prepared by melt extrusion and solvent casting

“…The main reason for the increase in contact angle has to be related to the presence of lignin nanoparticles. Indeed, lignin is known to be a hydrophobic molecule because of its aromatic skeleton and non-polar hydrocarbon chains in the lignin molecules, which naturally reduces the hydrophilicity of the composites [44][45][46][47][48]. Actually, LNPs have already been shown to reduce the water sensitivity [27].…”