Comparison of Laser Pulse Duration for the Spatially Resolved Measurement of Coating Thickness with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Basler, Carl; Brandenburg, Albrecht; Michalik, Katarzyna; Mory, David

doi:10.3390/s19194133

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The beam was focused with a lens with f = 200 mm to a spot with a waist size of approximately 80 μm. For metals, we expect an ultra-short pulsed laser to be much more suited for depth profiling as the material melts with a nanosecond pulse, different layers of the material can mix, and the ablation is less well defined [ 9 ]. In the case of electrode foils, melting is not crucial as the metals are embedded in a carbon matrix which vaporizes quickly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They used a Nd:YAG laser with 5 ns pulse duration to ablate a 5–15 μm coating of Be, O, C, H and D on a tungsten substrate. The resolution and precision of the ablation process can be improved by using an ultra-short laser pulse (pico- or femtosecond), as shown by [ 7 ] and in our group [ 8 , 9 ]. In all these fields, LIBS competes with the more common techniques like SIMS, ICP-OES/MS and REM-EDX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Depth-Resolved Elemental Analysis on Moving Electrode Foils with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Basler

Kappeler

Carl

2023

Sensors

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In this study, a new method for the inline measurement of depth profiles on a continuously moving sample with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is presented. The ablation profile is generated by ablating the sample with a burst of laser pulses, where the emission spectrum of each laser-induced plasma is analyzed on a spectrometer. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with 10 mJ pulse energy, 6 ns pulse duration and 100 Hz repetition rate was used. The focusing lens for the pulsed laser and a deflection mirror are mounted on a moving stage, which is precisely aligned in height and orientation to the movement of a conveyor belt transporting the sample. The stage speed is actively synchronized to the speed of the moving sample by a wheel encoder to assure that all laser pulses hit the same position at the sample. The feasibility for depth-resolved elemental analysis on moving samples is shown for coatings of electrode foils for lithium-ion batteries. The coating homogeneity was measured at a speed up to 17 m/min. For a 100 µm coating, 10 laser pulses were needed to measure a full depth profile.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Depth-Resolved Elemental Analysis on Moving Electrode Foils with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Basler

Kappeler

Carl

2023

Sensors

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“…FBS ® concept. The FBS ® concept allows the generation of several two-dimensional top-hat profiles and is used in different applications [18,[22][23][24]. Thus, it is possible to create five different top-hat profiles with a square footprint along the caustic of a focused beam.…”

Section: Dlipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting new ways for large-scale, high-speed surface functionalization using direct laser interference patterning in a roll-to-roll process

Zwahr

Serey

Nitschke

et al. 2023

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) is used to texture current collector foils in a roll-to-roll process using a high-power picosecond pulsed laser system operating at either fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm or 2nd harmonic of 532 nm. The raw beam having a diameter of 3 mm @ 1/e² is shaped into an elongated top-hat intensity profile using a diffractive so-called FBS®-L element and cylindrical telescopes. The shaped beam is split into its diffraction orders, where the two first orders are parallelized and guided into a galvanometer scanner. The deflected beams inside the scan head are recombined with an F-theta objective on the working position generating the interference pattern. The DLIP spot has a line-like interference pattern with about 15 µm spatial period. Laser fluences of up to 8 J/cm² were achieved using a maximum pulse energy of 0.6 mJ. Furthermore, an in-house built roll-to-roll machine was developed. Using this setup, aluminium and copper foil of 20 µm and 9 µm thickness, respectively, could be processed. Subsequently to current collector structuring coating of composite electrode material took place. In case of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC 622) cathode deposited onto textured aluminum current collector, an increased specific discharge capacity could be achieved at a C-rate of 1C.For the silicon/graphite anode material deposited onto textured copper current collector, an improved rate capability at all C-rates between C/10 and 5C was achieved. The rate capability was increased up to 100 % compared to reference material. At C-rates between C/2 and 2C, the specific discharge capacity was increased to 200 mAh/g, while the reference electrodes with untextured current collector foils provided a specific discharge capacity of 100 mAh/g, showing the potential of the DLIP technology for cost-effective production of battery cells with increased cycle lifetime.

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“…[10][11][12][13] Moreover, it is widely recognized that, though femtosecond laser could offer higher precision, picosecond (ps) laser is more suitable for many industrial applications due to its comprehensive advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and acceptable quality. [14][15][16] Thus, a lot of attentions have been paid to the machining of WC by ps laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison to grinding and EDM, ultrafast laser machining has numerous benefits, such as noncontact, absence of mechanical force and wear, extensive material adaptability, high removal rate, and minimal action time 10–13 . Moreover, it is widely recognized that, though femtosecond laser could offer higher precision, picosecond (ps) laser is more suitable for many industrial applications due to its comprehensive advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and acceptable quality 14–16 . Thus, a lot of attentions have been paid to the machining of WC by ps laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast laser ablation of tungsten carbide: Quantification of threshold range and interpretation of feature transition

Zhang,

Wang,

Cheung

et al. 2024

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Tungsten carbide was manufactured by picosecond laser in this study. Shapes of the ablated craters evolved from parabolic‐like (less than 10 pulses) to Gaussian‐like (more than 500 pulses) as the pulse number increased. The shape changes were closely associated with the discontinuous diameter expansion of ablated crater. To explain these phenomena, two thresholds were identified: an upper threshold of 0.129 J/cm2 and a lower threshold of 0.099 J/cm2. When the laser energy exceeded the upper threshold, ablation occurred under the laser‐energy‐dominated mode. When the laser energy fell between the upper and lower thresholds, ablation occurred under the cumulative‐effect‐dominated mode. The transition of ablation mode contributed to the diameter expansion and shape change. In addition, elemental composition varied significantly at the ablated crater and heat‐affected zone (HAZ), which were related to the degrees of reactions that occurred at different distances from the laser. Finally, surface hardness decreased from base material (32.52 GPa) to edge of crater (11.59 GPa) due to the escape of unpaired interstitial C atoms from the grain boundaries.

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Comparison of Laser Pulse Duration for the Spatially Resolved Measurement of Coating Thickness with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Depth-Resolved Elemental Analysis on Moving Electrode Foils with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Depth-Resolved Elemental Analysis on Moving Electrode Foils with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Targeting new ways for large-scale, high-speed surface functionalization using direct laser interference patterning in a roll-to-roll process

Ultrafast laser ablation of tungsten carbide: Quantification of threshold range and interpretation of feature transition

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