Comparison of Long-term Prognosis of Patients With AIDS Treated and Not Treated With Zidovudine

Phillips, Andrew; Clumeck, Nathan; Dewit, Suzanne; Sommereijns, Bernadette; Lundgren, Jens D; Nielsen, Thyge L.; Pedersen, Court; Jensen, Gunde Egeskov; Skinhøj, Peter; Bentsen, Kirsten D.; Gerstoft, Jan; Melbye, Mads; Ranki, Annamari; Valle, Sirkka‐Liisa; Katlama, C.; Berlureau, P; Dietrich, M.; Schwander, Stephan; Goebel, F.-D.; Kosmidis, J.; Stergiou, George S.; Gouzia, T.; Papadopoulos, Angelos; Bánhegyi, Dénes; Mulcahy, Fiona; Yust, Israel; Ben‐Ishai, Z.; Bentwich, Zvi; Sacks, T.; Maayan, Shlomo; Vella, Stefano; Chiesi, Antonio; Ancarani, F.; Scalise, Giorgio; A, Bertaggia; Francavilla, Ermenegildo; Calonghi, Gian Franco; Nuova, Arcispedale S. Maria; Emilia, Reggio; Cargnel, Antonietta; Arlotti, Massimo; Ciammarughi, R.; Colomba, A; DeLalla, F.; Fassio, P. G.; Ferlini, Antonio; Fiaccadori, F; Pasetti, G; Giannelli, Fabio; Grillone, W; Lazzarin, Adriano; Monforte, Antonella d’Arminio; Mignani, E; Nunnari, A; Ortona, L; Panichi, G; Pauluzzi, S; Piersantelli, N; Ranieri, Sergio; Ricciardiello, Pietro; Roscioli, B; Soranzo, Maria Luisa; Hemmer, R; Danner, Sven A.; D, Bloemkolk; Antunes, F; Proença, Rui; González-Lahoz, Juan; Martínez-Blanco, L; Clotet, Bonaventura; Gatell, José M.; Buira, E; Miró, José M.; Pehrson, P.; Lüthy, R; Ledergerber, Bruno; K, Olsson; Glauser, M. P.; Hirschel, Bernard; Johnson, Anne M; Hawkes, S; Phillips, A.; Barton, Simon; Morcinek, J; Pinching, Anthony J.; Coleman, Denise; Gjprup, I.; Nielsen, Jens; Nieport, C.; Teglbjærg, Lars Stubbe; Thornval, Anders

doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510380044035

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In this group of immunodeficient patients antiretroviral treatment was uniformly recommended throughout the study period, and selection bias was therefore unlikely. Other cohort studies have also shown a beneficial, although transient, effect of zidovudine monotherapy 23 24. The effect of different treatment strategies will depend on the type of drug or drug combinations used and on previous exposure to antiretrovirals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of new antiretroviral combination therapies in HIV infected patients in Switzerland: prospective multicentre study

Egger

Hirschel

Francioli

et al. 1997

BMJ

562

278

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of new antiretroviral combination therapies in HIV infected patients in Switzerland: prospective multicentre study

Egger

Hirschel

Francioli

et al. 1997

BMJ

562

278

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“…Although zidovudine clearly prolongs survival in advanced HIV disease, 7 recent studies have indicated that survival is prolonged only for one to two years. [26][27][28][29] Our previous study of access to therapy for HIV disease indicated that after adjustment for the CD4 cell count, whites were more likely than nonwhites to receive antiretroviral therapy and pneumocystis prophylaxis before their initial visit to the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinic. 14 This subsequent analysis has shown no difference in survival between whites and nonwhites, yet has shown a significantly increased risk of death for persons receiving antiretroviral therapy before enrollment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Sex, Drug Use, and Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease

Chaisson¹,

Keruly²,

Moore³

1995

N Engl J Med

268

104

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“…Indeed, AZT has been shown to be toxic in HIV-positives and proposed as a possible cause of AIDS diseases since 1991 (Duesberg, 1991(Duesberg, , 1992c(Duesberg, , 1992a(Duesberg, , 1992b. Recently, the European 'Concorde tri-57 al' (Seligmann et al, 1994) and several other studies have shown that, contrary to earlier claims, AZT does not prevent AIDS (Oddone et al, 1993;Tokars et al, 1993;Lenderking et al, 1994;Lundgren et al, 1994). The Concorde trial even showed that the mortality of healthy, AZT-treated HIV-carriers was 25% higher than that of placebo-treated controls (Seligmann et al, 1994).…”

Section: Mortality Of Hemophiliacs With and Without Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the alleged ability of AZT to prevent AIDS has recently been discredited by several large clinical trials (Oddone et al, 1993;Tokars et al, 1993;Goedert et al, 1994;Lenderking et al, 1994;Lundgren et al, 1994;Seligmann et al, 1994). Moreover, all studies of AZT treatments have confirmed the unavoidable cytotoxicity of DNA chain terminators (Duesberg, 1992;Oddone et al, 1993;Tokars et al, 1993;Lenderking et al, 1994;Lundgren et al, 1994;Seligmann et al, 1994). One study observed a 25% increased mortality (Seligmann et al, 1994), and another a 4.5-fold higher annual AIDS risk and a 2.4-fold higher annual death risk in AZT-treated HIVpositive hemophiliacs compared to untreated controls (Goedert et al, 1994).…”

Section: Treatment and Prevention Of Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign-protein-mediated immunodeficiency in hemophiliacs with and without HIV

Duesberg

1995

Genetica

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Hemophilia-AIDS has been interpreted in terms of two hypotheses: the foreign-protein-AIDS hypothesis and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-AIDS hypothesis. The foreign-protein-AIDS hypothesis holds that proteins contaminating commercial clotting factor VIII cause immunosuppression. The foreign-protein hypothesis, but not the HIV hypothesis, correctly predicts seven characteristics of hemophilia-AIDS: 1) The increased life span of American hemophiliacs in the two decades before 1987, although 75% became infected by HIV--because factor VIII treatment, begun in the 1960s, extended their lives and simultaneously disseminated harmless HIV. After 1987 the life span of hemophiliacs appears to have decreased again, probably because of widespread treatment with the cytotoxic anti-HIV drug AZT. 2) The distinctly low, 1.3-2%, annual AIDS risk of hemophiliacs, compared to the higher 5-6% annual risk of intravenous drug users and male homosexual aphrodisiac drug users--because transfusion of foreign proteins is less immunosuppressive than recreational drug use. 3) The age bias of hemophilia-AIDS, i.e. that the annual AIDS risk increased 2-fold for each 10-year increase in age--because immunosuppression is a function of the lifetime dose of foreign proteins received from transfusions. 4) The restriction of hemophilia-AIDS to immunodeficiency diseases--because foreign proteins cannot cause non-immunodeficiency AIDS diseases, like Kaposi's sarcoma. 5) The absence of AIDS diseases above their normal background in sexual partners of hemophiliacs--because transfusion-mediated immunotoxicity is not contagious. 6) The occurrence of immunodeficiency in HIV-free hemophiliacs--because foreign proteins, not HIV, suppress their immune system. 7) Stabilization, even regeneration, of immunity of HIV-positive hemophiliacs by long-term treatment with pure factor VIII. This shows that neither HIV nor factor VIII plus HIV are immunosuppressive by themselves. Therefore, AIDS cannot be prevented by elimination of HIV from the blood supply and cannot be rationally treated with genotoxic antiviral drugs, like AZT. Instead, hemophilia-AIDS can be prevented and has even been reverted by treatment with pure factor VIII.

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Comparison of Long-term Prognosis of Patients With AIDS Treated and Not Treated With Zidovudine

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of new antiretroviral combination therapies in HIV infected patients in Switzerland: prospective multicentre study

Impact of new antiretroviral combination therapies in HIV infected patients in Switzerland: prospective multicentre study

Race, Sex, Drug Use, and Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease

Foreign-protein-mediated immunodeficiency in hemophiliacs with and without HIV

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