Comparison of losartan and amlodipine effects on the outcomes of patient with COVID‐19 and primary hypertension: A randomised clinical trial

Nouri‐Vaskeh, Masoud; Kalami, Niusha; Zand, Ramin; Soroureddin, Zahra; Varshochi, Mojtaba; Ansarin, Khalil; Rezaee, Haleh; Taghizadieh, Ali; Sadeghi, Armin; Maleki, Masoud; Esmailnajad, Azam; Saleh, Parviz; Haghdoost, Mehdi; Maleki, M; Sharifi, Akbar

doi:10.1111/ijcp.14124

Cited by 38 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Among the 231 articles (PubMed and Google Scholar), 91 were retained [ 3 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ,…”

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen FIASMAs [ 20 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 46 , 53 , 54 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 82 , 88 , 101 , 102 , 103 ] have been studied using epidemiological-clinical studies or case reports (amiodarone, amitriptyline, amlodipine, carvedilol, chlorpromazine, clomipramine, desloratadine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, hydroxyzine, loperamide, loratadine, melatonine, paroxetine, and sertraline). Among the 15 FIASMAs, only amlodipine [ 32 ] and fluvoxamine [ 75 ] were studied using randomized double-blind clinical studies (see Table 2 ).…”

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 19 human studies, there were two case reports on amiodarone [ 20 ] or loratadine [ 88 ], four retrospective studies that have explored the association between one FIASMAs (carvedilol [ 25 , 53 ], hydroxyzine [ 77 , 101 ], loratadine [ 77 ], melatonine [ 25 , 53 ], paroxetine [ 53 ]) and the negativity or positivity on a PCR test, four prospective studies on fluvoxamine [ 75 , 76 ], melatonine [ 102 ] or amlodipine [ 32 ] including two randomized clinical trial [ 32 , 75 ], 4 retrospective studies on mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on amlodipine [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] or melatonine [ 82 ], one observational study on low rate of COVID-19 infection in psychiatric patients treated by antipsychotics comparatively to nurses or physicians [ 73 ], 4 retrospective studies on mortality or intubation on hospitalized COVID-19 patients on amiodarone, amitriptyline, amlodipine, chlorpromazine, clomipramine, desloratadine, fluoxetine, hydroxyzine, paroxetine and sertraline [ 46 , 54 , 78 , 103 ].…”

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More precisely, for these four studies, the beginning of the prescription was: the date of the first prescription (during hospitalization) of chlorpromazine [ 46 ] or hydroxyzine [ 78 ],—within the first 48 h of hospital admission for receiving any antidepressants [ 54 ],—within the first 24 h of hospital admission for receiving at least one FIASMAs [ 103 ]. However, among the clinical studies, negative results were reported for amlodipine, amiodarone, amitriptyline, clomipramine, chlorpromazine, desloratadine, fluoxetine, hydroxyzine, paroxetine, sertraline [ 32 , 46 , 54 , 103 ] (see Table 2 ). These negative results could be explained first by the acute drug prescription, second by underpowered studies (an insufficient power of the statistical tests) explained by low samples size, and third by selection biases.…”

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the randomized double-blind clinical study [ 32 ] exploring the potential effect of amlodipine against losartan, the authors had two principal criteria: 30-day mortality and length of hospital stay. They reported no significant difference on the two criteria, but in their study, a stratified randomization of age has not been done, and the mean age of the groups were different: 67.3 years and 60.1 years for losartan and amlodipine, respectively.…”

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on Functional Inhibitors of Acid Sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Loas

Corre

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is characterized by the need of the search for curative drugs for treatment. In this paper, we present an update of knowledge about the interest of the functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Forty-nine FIASMAs have been suggested in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection using in silico, in vitro or in vivo studies. Further studies using large-sized, randomized and double-blinded controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate FIASMAs in SARS-CoV-2 infection as off-label therapy.

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Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Update (16 June 2021) On Studies With Fiasmas In the Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Update on Functional Inhibitors of Acid Sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Loas

Corre

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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Lack of Benefit of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19

Lee

McMurray

2023

JAMA

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There has been considerable interest in the potential role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors in patients with COVID-19 given that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. 1 Because ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may upregulate ACE2, there is a theoretical concern that these agents might increase susceptibility to, or the severity of, SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, ACE2 is the primary enzyme breaking down angiotensin II and, in the process, produces angiotensin 1-7, a physiological antagonist of angiotensin II. SARS-CoV-2 downregulates ACE2, potentially leading to an increase in angiotensin II and reduced levels of angiotensin 1-7. Excess and unopposed angiotensin II may be harmful, and in experimental models of lung injury, administration of RAS inhibitors, ACE2, and angiotensin 1-7 reduced pulmonary damage and mortality. Consequently, there has been uncertainty about the place of RAS inhibitors in patients with COVID-19. 1 In this issue of JAMA, 3 randomized trials are reported 2,3 that extend the evidence base regarding the use of these agents in patients with COVID-19. 4 The Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial, Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP) trial assessed the efficacy of initiating either an ACE inhibitor or ARB, compared with usual care, in 779 adult patients (721 critically ill and 58 non-critically ill) hospitalized for COVID-19 at 69 centers in 7 countries. Critical illness was defined as the need for at least 1 of the following organ supports in an intensive care unit: high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation, invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressor, or inotropic infusion. Treatment was given for up to 10 days or until discharge, whichever came first. Neither ACE inhibitor nor ARB therapy were blinded, and doses were titrated according to the treating clinician's judgement. The primary outcome, evaluated over 21 days, was organ support-free days, a composite of hospital survival and duration of intensive care respiratory or cardiovascular support.REMAP-CAP was terminated prematurely, on advice from the data and safety monitoring board, due to safety concerns. Among critically ill patients, median (IQR) organ supportfree days was 10 (-1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (-1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231), corresponding to median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 (95% credible interval, 0.58-1.06) for the ACE inhibitor group and 0.76 (95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05) for the ARB group compared with usual care (with odds ratios <1 representing worse outcomes compared with control). Among Opinion EDITORIAL

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Molnupiravir: A new candidate for COVID‐19 treatment

Pourkarim

Pourtaghi-Anvarian

Rezaee

2021

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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100

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was recognized to cause a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. 1,2 It has rapidly spread to other areas of the world. [2][3][4] In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. 5 As of December 23, 2021, there have been 276 436 619 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 5 374 744 deaths, reported to WHO. 6 Person-to-person contact and respiratory droplets are the two major routes of transmission of COVID-19 infection to humans. The usual incubation period for COVID-19 is 14 days. 7 The Final diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. 8,9 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, loss of taste or smell, diarrhea, and nausea. 2,3,10,11 Based on the epidemiologic data, COVID-19 has a lower mortality rate with a higher degree of infectivity than the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus. 12,13 But, underlying disease (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, and cancer) could increase mortality in COVID-19 patients. 14 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, and positive single-stranded RNA virus and belongs to the Coronaviridae family of viruses. 15 Currently, different types of COVID-19 vaccines such as mRNA-based vaccine and viral vector vaccine have been developed for the prevention of COVID-19. The vaccine is the best way for the protection against COVID-19 but disadvantages of COVID-19 vaccines include: -Short-term immunization -Need for booster doses -Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis (occurs rarely) -Unknown long-term side effects Also, the rate of vaccination is still low in many low-and lowermiddle-income countries. On the other hand, oral agent is usually

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Comparison of losartan and amlodipine effects on the outcomes of patient with COVID‐19 and primary hypertension: A randomised clinical trial

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Update on Functional Inhibitors of Acid Sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Update on Functional Inhibitors of Acid Sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs) in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Lack of Benefit of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19

Molnupiravir: A new candidate for COVID‐19 treatment

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