Comparison of measured and calculated specific resistances of Pd∕Pt interfaces

Olson, Samuel R.; Loloee, R.; Theodoropoulou, Nikoleta; Pratt, W. P.; Bass, J.; Xu, Pengpeng; Xia, Ke

doi:10.1063/1.2149978

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…90 [86], with best fit of 2AR Pd/Pt = 0.29 ± 0.03 fΩm 2 . The 'more complex' technique of section Fig.91 [86] and less certain 2AR Pd/Pt = 0.17 ± 0.13 fΩm 2 . The weighted average 'settled value' was 2R Pd/Pt (exp) = 0.28 ± 0.06 fΩm 2 , as in Table 14.…”

Section: Table 14 Experimental 2ar(exp) (2ar* For F/n or F1/f2) At 4mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[89] 2005. Double Blind agreement of experiment with no-free-parameter calculation of 2AR Pt/Pd : [86] 2006. Multiple bath electrodeposition.…”

Section: Historical Timelinementioning

confidence: 95%

“…The 'simple' technique of section 8.8.1 gave the data in Fig. 90 [86], with best fit of 2AR Pd/Pt = 0.29 ± 0.03 fΩm 2 . The 'more complex' technique of section Fig.91 [86] and less certain 2AR Pd/Pt = 0.17 ± 0.13 fΩm 2 .…”

Section: Table 14 Experimental 2ar(exp) (2ar* For F/n or F1/f2) At 4mentioning

confidence: 95%

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CPP magnetoresistance of magnetic multilayers: A critical review

Bass

2016

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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We present a comprehensive, critical review of data and analysis of Giant (G) Magnetoresistance (MR) with Current-flow Perpendicular-to-the-layer-Planes (CPP-MR) of magnetic multilayers [F/N] n (n = number of repeats) composed of alternating nanoscale layers of ferromagnetic (F) and non-magnetic (N) metal, or of spin-valves that allow control of anti-parallel (AP) and parallel (P) orientations of the magnetic moments of adjacent F-layers. GMR, a large change in resistance when an applied magnetic field changes the moment ordering of adjacent F-layers from AP to P, was discovered in 1988 in the geometry with Current flow in the layer-Planes (CIP). The CPP-MR has two advantages over the CIP-MR: (1) relatively simple two-current series-resistor (2CSR) and more general Valet-Fert (VF) models allow more direct access to the underlying physics; and (2) it is usually larger, which should be advantageous for devices. When the first CPP-MR data were published in 1991, it was not clear whether electronic transport in GMR multilayers is completely diffusive or at least partly ballistic. It was not known whether the properties of layers and interfaces would vary with layer thickness or number. It was not known whether the CPP-MR would be dominated by scattering within the F-metals or at the F/N interfaces. Nothing was known about: (1) spin-flipping within F-metals, characterized by a spin-diffusion length, ; (2) interface specific resistances (AR = area A times resistance R) for N1/N2 interfaces; (3) interface specific resistances and interface spin-dependent scattering asymmetry at F/N and F1/F2 interfaces; and (4) spin-flipping at F/N, F1/F2 and N1/N2 interfaces. Knowledge of spin-dependent scattering asymmetries in F-metals and F-alloys, and of spin-flipping in N-metals and N-alloys, was limited. Since 1991, CPP-MR measurements have quantified the scattering and spin-flipping parameters that determine GMR for a wide range of F-and N-metals and alloys and of F/N pairs. This review is designed to provide a history of how knowledge of CPP-MR parameters grew, to give credit for discoveries, to explain how combining theory and experiment has enabled extraction of quantitative information about these parameters, but also to make clear that progress was not always direct and to point out where disageements still exist. To limit its length, the review considers only collinear orientations of the moments of adjacent F-layers. To aid readers looking for specific information, we have provided an extensive table of contents and a detailed summary. Together, these should help locate over 100 figures plus 17 tables that collect values of individual parameters. In 1997, CIP-MR replaced anisotropic MR (AMR) as the sensor in read heads of computer hard drives. In principle, the usually larger CPP-MR was a contender for the next generation read head sensor. But in 2003, CIP-MR was replaced by the even larger Tunneling MR (TMR), which has remained the read-head sensor ever since. However, as memory bits shrink to where the relative...

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Section: Table 14 Experimental 2ar(exp) (2ar* For F/n or F1/f2) At 4mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[89] 2005. Double Blind agreement of experiment with no-free-parameter calculation of 2AR Pt/Pd : [86] 2006. Multiple bath electrodeposition.…”

Section: Historical Timelinementioning

confidence: 95%

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CPP magnetoresistance of magnetic multilayers: A critical review

Bass

2016

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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“…In electronic transport with current-flow perpen-dicular to the layer planes (CPP geometry) of a metallic multilayer, the interface specific resistance AR (area A through which the CPP-current flows times the sample resistance R) is a fundamental quantity. In the past few years, measurements of AR have been published for a range of metal pairs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Special interest focuses upon pairs M1 and M2 that have the same crystal structure and closely the same lattice parameters a o -i.e., Δa/a o ≤ 1%, since AR for such pairs can be calculated with no free parameters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific resistance of Pd/Ir interfaces

Acharyya

Nguyen

Loloee

et al. 2009

Applied Physics Letters

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From measurements of the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) total specific resistance (AR = area times resistance) of sputtered Pd/Ir multilayers, we derive the interface specific resistance, 2AR Pd/Ir = 1.02 ± 0.06 fΩm 2 , for this metal pair with closely similar lattice parameters. Assuming a single fcc crystal structure with the average lattice parameter, no-free-parameter calculations, including only spd orbitals, give for perfect interfaces, 2AR Pd/Ir (Perf) = 1.21 ± 0.1 fΩm 2 , and for interfaces composed of two monolayers of a random 50%-50% alloy, 2AR Pd/Ir (50/50) = 1.22 ± 0.1 fΩm 2 . Within mutual uncertainties, these values fall just outside the range of the experimental value. Updating to add f-orbitals gives 2AR Pd/Ir (Perf) = 1.10 ± 0.1 fΩm 2 and 2AR Pd/Ir (50-50) = 1.13 ± 0.1 fΩm 2 , values now compatible with the experimental one. We also update, with f-orbitals, calculations for other pairs.In electronic transport with current-flow perpen-dicular to the layer planes (CPP geometry) of a metallic multilayer, the interface specific resistance AR (area A through which the CPP-current flows times the sample resistance R) is a fundamental quantity. In the past few years, measurements of AR have been published for a range of metal pairs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Special interest focuses upon pairs M1 and M2 that have the same crystal structure and closely the same lattice parameters a o -i.e., Δa/a o ≤ 1%, since AR for such pairs can be calculated with no free parameters. That is, taking a given crystal structure and a common a o as known, the electronic structures for M1 and M2 can be calculated without adjustment using the local density approximation, and then AR M1/M2 can be calculated without adjustment using a modified Landauer formula for either interfaces that are perfectly flat and not intermixed (perfect interfaces), or for interfaces composed of two or more monolayers (ML) of a 50%-50% random alloy (50-50 alloy) [16][17][18][19][20][21]. For all four such pairs (Ag/Au [18,20], Co/Cu [18,20,21], Fe/Cr [17,18], and Pd/Pt [12]) where experimental values of 2AR M1/M2 have been published, Table I shows that the previously calculated values for perfect and 2 ML thick alloyed interfaces of these pairs are not very different, and that the experimental values are generally consistent with both values to within mutual uncertainties.In contrast, when Δa/a o is ~ 10%, the agreement between experiment and theory is only semi-quantitativeexperiment and calculations differ by amounts as low as 50% to more than factors of two [11]. Moreover, a test [11] of decreasing the difference in lattice parameter from ~ 10% for Pd/Cu to ~ 5% for Pd/Ag and Pd/Au gave no improvement in agreement between experiment and theory. A subsequent comparison between calculations and experimental data on residual resistivities of a variety of impurities in different hosts showed that those calculations could be very sensitive to local strains [22]. Given these results, it seemed worthwhile to t...

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“…Now transport across the interface involves both a specular component and a diffuse component where k parallel is not conserved. Early calculations used a basis set with spd and linear muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) [59][60][61]. Later calculations used spdf and MTO orbitals without linearization [62].…”

Section: Realistic Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CPP-GMR: Materials and Properties

Bass¹

2014

Handbook of Spintronics

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Comparison of measured and calculated specific resistances of Pd∕Pt interfaces

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

CPP magnetoresistance of magnetic multilayers: A critical review

CPP magnetoresistance of magnetic multilayers: A critical review

Specific resistance of Pd/Ir interfaces

CPP-GMR: Materials and Properties

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