Comparison of metabolic activities between Piromyces citronii, an equine fungal species, and Piromyces communis, a ruminal species

Julliand, V.; Riondet, Christophe; Vaux, A de; Alcaraz, Gérard; Fonty, Gérard

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(97)00043-6

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, there still are clear limitations when using NGS 16S rRNA based identification of bacteria beyond the family level [54], since current sequencing read lengths with Illumina technology only cover a region of around [173] bovis/equinus L-lactate producer [174] Lactobacillaceae Lactobacillus salivarius/ mucosae L-lactate producer, decarboxylating amino acids, vascoactive amines [174], [137] bulgaricus/ delbrueckii L-lactate producer [174] crispatus lactic acid bacteria [175] johnsonii lactic acid bacteria [175] reuteri lactic acid bacteria [175] equigenerosi lactic acid bacteria [176] hayakitensis lactic acid bacteria [176] buchneri lactic acid bacteria [176] vitulinus lactic acid bacteria [176] Acidaminococcaceae Mitsuokella jalaludinii D-lactate producer [174] Phascolarctobacterium spp. Fungi fiber degradation [178] Neocallimastigaceae Piromyces equi cellulose degradation [179] Protozoa hemicellulose, pectin degradation [99] Bacteriophages regulating bacterial species distribution [180] Archaea methanogens f [80], [81] 460 bp mostly from the V3 and V4 region while a fulllength or near full-length 16S rRNA sequence is needed for a confident taxonomic assignment of genus and species [50]. Since it is known that bacterial species differ with respect to their copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene from one to 15 and more [55], amplification could lead to a bias considering semi quantitative proportions (relative abundances) in complex communities [56].…”

Section: How To Study Microbial Communities: Techniques Currently Avamentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome of horses: current research on equine enteral microbiota and future perspectives

et al. 2019

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Understanding the complex interactions of microbial communities including bacteria, archaea, parasites, viruses and fungi of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) associated with states of either health or disease is still an expanding research field in both, human and veterinary medicine. GIT disorders and their consequences are among the most important diseases of domesticated Equidae, but current gaps of knowledge hinder adequate progress with respect to disease prevention and microbiome-based interventions. Current literature on enteral microbiomes mirrors a vast data and knowledge imbalance, with only few studies tackling archaea, viruses and eukaryotes compared with those addressing the bacterial components. Until recently, culture-dependent methods were used for the identification and description of compositional changes of enteral microorganisms, limiting the outcome to cultivatable bacteria only. Today, next generation sequencing technologies provide access to the entirety of genes (microbiome) associated with the microorganisms of the equine GIT including the mass of uncultured microbiota, or "microbial dark matter". This review illustrates methods commonly used for enteral microbiome analysis in horses and summarizes key findings reached for bacteria, viruses and fungi so far. Moreover, reasonable possibilities to combine different explorative techniques are described. As a future perspective, knowledge expansion concerning beneficial compositions of microorganisms within the equine GIT creates novel possibilities for early disorder diagnostics as well as innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition, analysis of shotgun metagenomic data enables tracking of certain microorganisms beyond species barriers: transmission events of bacteria including pathogens and opportunists harboring antibiotic resistance factors between different horses but also between humans and horses will reach new levels of depth concerning strain-level distinctions.

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Section: How To Study Microbial Communities: Techniques Currently Avamentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome of horses: current research on equine enteral microbiota and future perspectives

et al. 2019

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“…These bacteria perform mixed‐acid fermentations under anaerobic conditions just as do certain anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi (Marvin‐Sikkema et al. , 1990; 1992; 1993; Yarlett, 1994; Julliand et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus Piromyces sp. E2 produces ethanol via pyruvate:formate lyase and an alcohol dehydrogenase E

Boxma

Voncken

Jannink

et al. 2004

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryAnaerobic chytridiomycete fungi possess hydrogenosomes, which generate hydrogen and ATP, but also acetate and formate as end-products of a prokaryotic-type mixed-acid fermentation. Notably, the anaerobic chytrids Piromyces and Neocallimastix use pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) for the catabolism of pyruvate, which is in marked contrast to the hydrogenosomal metabolism of the anaerobic parabasalian flagellates Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus , because these organisms decarboxylate pyruvate with the aid of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO). Here, we show that the chytrids Piromyces sp. E2 and Neocallimastix sp. L2 also possess an alcohol dehydrogenase E (ADHE) that makes them unique among hydrogenosomebearing anaerobes. We demonstrate that Piromyces sp. E2 routes the final steps of its carbohydrate catabolism via PFL and ADHE: in axenic culture under standard conditions and in the presence of 0.3% fructose, 35% of the carbohydrates were degraded in the cytosol to the end-products ethanol, formate, lactate and succinate, whereas 65% were degraded via the hydrogenosomes to acetate and formate. These observations require a refinement of the previously published metabolic schemes. In particular, the importance of the hydrogenase in this type of hydrogenosome has to be revisited.

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“…Des observations microscopiques de contenus digestifs et l'utilisation de techniques de cultures ont permis de décrire la population fongique présente dans le caecum équin (Vavra et Joyon 1966, Orpin 1981, Gold et al 1988, Li et al 1989, Gaillard-Martinie et al 1992, Li et Heath 1993, Julliand et al 1998. Il a ainsi été établi que ces champignons microscopiques étaient strictement anaérobies, appartenaient à la classe des phycomycètes (Orpin 1981) et en majorité au genre Piromyces.…”

Section: / Diversité Fongiqueunclassified

“…Plus précisément, trois espèces ont été mises en évidence chez les équins : P. mae (Li et al 1989, Gaillard-Martinie et al 1992, P. equi (Li et Heath 1993) et P. Citronii (Gaillard-Martinie et al 1995. In vitro, P. Citronii aurait un taux de croissance supérieur à celui des souches du rumen (Julliand et al 1998) ; ceci pourrait être le reflet d'une adaptation physiologique de la souche à l'écosystème caecal. Caecomyces equi (Gold et al 1988) et Neocallimastix equi (Vavra et Joyon 1966) seraient également des genres constitutifs de la faune fongique intestinale équine.…”

Section: / Diversité Fongiqueunclassified

La diversité de l’écosystème microbien du tractus digestif équin

Sadet-Bourgeteau

Julliand

2012

INRA Prod. Anim.

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Le gros intestin (caecum et côlon) des équins héberge un microbiote abondant et divers dont une fonction essentielle est la dégradation et la fermentation des parois végétales ingérées en produits directement utilisables par l’hôte. Ce microbiote est composé de cinq grandes communautés microbiennes (protozoaires, bactéries, champignons, Archaea et virus) parmi lesquelles les bactéries ont été les plus étudiées. Ces communautés sont spécifiques de l’espèce équine. La diversité des protozoaires comme celle des champignons et des virus a été décrite du point de vue taxonomique mais leur implication dans les processus de digestion est mal connue. La diversité des Archaea a été peu étudiée, pourtant leur étude permettrait de mieux évaluer la contribution de l'élevage équin à la production de gaz à effet de serre. La communauté bactérienne est diverse, appartenant majoritairement aux phyla des Firmicutes et desBacteroides, et comprend des bactéries dont les différentes fonctions (cellulolytiques, amylolytiques, glycolytiques, utilisatrices de lactate et protéolytiques) sont impliquées dans la digestion des aliments ingérés, en particulier des parois végétales. Cette communauté bactérienne est différente entre le contenu caecal et colique d’une part, et les fèces d’autre part. Des facteurs propres à l’hôte (type génétique, variabilité individuelle) et/ou environnementaux (régime alimentaire, saison, exercice physique) sont susceptibles de modifier la diversité des communautés microbiennes du gros intestin équin. Ceci peut provoquer des changements importants conduisant à des déséquilibres et parfois à l’apparition de pathologies (colites, fourbures).

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Comparison of metabolic activities between Piromyces citronii, an equine fungal species, and Piromyces communis, a ruminal species

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

The gut microbiome of horses: current research on equine enteral microbiota and future perspectives

The gut microbiome of horses: current research on equine enteral microbiota and future perspectives

The anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus Piromyces sp. E2 produces ethanol via pyruvate:formate lyase and an alcohol dehydrogenase E

La diversité de l’écosystème microbien du tractus digestif équin

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