Comparison of micro- and nano-size particle depositions in a human upper airway model

Zhang, Z.; Kleinstreuer, Clement; Donohue, James F.; Kim, C.S.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.006

Cited by 287 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Neither inertial impaction nor diffusion effects are ignored for 0.1−1 µm particle, therefore the minimum deposition rate occurs at this point, which is consistent with the findings of Longest et al (2007) and Bennett et al (2008). Compared to the whole deposition rate for adults (Kleinstreuer et al, 2008;Zhang and Kleinstreuer 2005), for the same size particle diameter and for comparable activity levels, the whole deposition rate for children is higher. Children are therefore more susceptible to all particle sizes.…”

Section: Effect Of Particle Size and Airflow Rate On Deposition Ratesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…11. The variations of whole deposition rates for children as functions of airflow rate and particle diameter are similar to those of adults (Kleinstreuer et al, 2008;Zhang and Kleinstreuer, 2005). With particle diameter increasing from 1−10 µm ,the deposition rates increase, while the deposition rates decrease with particle diameter increasing from 0.01 − 0.1 µm.…”

Section: Effect Of Particle Size and Airflow Rate On Deposition Ratementioning

confidence: 65%

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Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow Patterns and Particle Deposition Characteristics in Children Upper Respiratory Tracts

Liu

et al. 2012

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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ABSTRACT:As findings from studies of airflow patterns and particle deposition in the upper respiratory tracts (URTs) of adults may not be readily extrapolated to studies of the URTs of children, due to the differences in airway anatomy and breathing conditions, the effects of pediatric, physiological features on airflow patterns and particle deposition have been investigated utilizing an idealized model of the URTs of children. Particle deposition characteristics in a 0.01−10 mm spectrum were assessed employing a well-verified, Lagrangian tracking method for different inhalation flow rates, consistent with sedentary (3.5 L/min), light (7.0 L/min) and high (10.5 L/min) activity levels. The main results are: (1) airflow patterns during inhalation and exhalation modes are very different, while airflow patterns are similar during each inhalation or exhalation mode, while subject to three different airflow rates; (2) higher Stokes and impaction numbers are observed in the model for a 3 year old child, when compared to adults under comparably scaled activity levels; and (3) breathing airflow rates, particle diameters and particle densities are three key factors influencing particle deposition rates, with higher deposition rates for children observed when compared to adults under comparable activity levels. For identical impaction parameters, all deposition rates for children are also higher. The localized particle deposition rates in the mouth cavity are similar for children and adults, while those in the larynx, pharynx, trachea and bronchi are higher for children than for adults. Results of this study demonstrate that differences do exist between children and adults in both airflow distribution and aerosol deposition characteristics. These differences should be taken into account in the determination of children's risk exposure levels for airborne toxicants.

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Section: Effect Of Particle Size and Airflow Rate On Deposition Ratesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Effect Of Particle Size and Airflow Rate On Deposition Ratementioning

confidence: 65%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow Patterns and Particle Deposition Characteristics in Children Upper Respiratory Tracts

Liu

et al. 2012

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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“…Studies have shown that airborne ENMs can be deposited in the respiratory tract when inhaled. From there, the NPs can transverse the blood stream, and be relocated to other organs (Warheit et al 2004;Zhang et al 2005). Gwinn and Vallyathan (2006) reported that inhaled nanosized particles may trigger phagocytosis and cause systemic health effects in experimental animals.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging patterns for engineered nanomaterials in the environment: a review of fate and toxicity studies

2014

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A comprehensive assessment of the environmental risks posed by engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) entering the environment is necessary, due in part to the recent predictions of ENM release quantities and because ENMs have been identified in waste leachate. The technical complexity of measuring ENM fate and transport processes in all environments necessitates identifying trends in ENM processes. Emerging information on the environmental fate and toxicity of many ENMs was collected to provide a better understanding of their environmental implications. Little research has been conducted on the fate of ENMs in the atmosphere; however, most studies indicate that ENMs will in general have limited transport in the atmosphere due to rapid settling. Studies of ENM fate in realistic aquatic media indicates that in general, ENMs are more stable in freshwater and stormwater than in seawater or groundwater, suggesting that transport may be higher in freshwater than in seawater. ENMs in saline waters generally sediment out over the course of hours to days, leading to likely accumulation in sediments. Dissolution is significant for specific ENMs (e.g., Ag, ZnO, copper ENMs, nano zero-valent iron), which can result in their transformation from nanoparticles to ions, but the metal ions pose their own toxicity concerns. In soil, the fate of ENMs is strongly dependent on the size of the ENM aggregates, groundwater chemistry, as well as the pore size and soil particle size. Most groundwater studies have focused on unfavorable deposition conditions, but that is unlikely to be the case in many natural groundwaters with significant ionic strength due to hardness or salinity. While much still needs to be better understood, emerging patterns with regards to ENM fate, transport, and exposure combined with emerging information on toxicity indicate that risk is low for most ENMs, though current exposure estimates compared with current data on toxicity indicates that at current production and release levels, exposure to Ag, nZVI, and ZnO may cause toxicity to freshwater and marine species.

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“…They can be distributed via the circulatory or lymphatic system and be deposited in various organs. As a result of accumulation of NPs in the liver, spleen, bone medulla, heart, and other organs, functions of an entire organism are disrupted [9,10,12,13]. NP toxicity related to their routes of exposure are exhaustively described in [3,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid insight into C60 influence on biological functions of proteins

et al. 2017

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Experimental methods of investigations of nanoparticle (NP)-protein interactions are limited, because they require a high amount of samples and the NPs tend to interfere with spectral results. Therefore, molecular modeling is a commonly accepted tool in such kind of investigations. Examining the molecule toxicity on the molecular level, we usually want to know, mainly, the location of the ligand on the protein surface and what is an influence of such a contact on the biological functions of the protein. In the presented work, we demonstrate that multiple-docking of the ligand from a random start and with large grid volume, to let the ligand search the whole protein surface, allows to find the best binding sites and gives reliable results considering ligand-protein interactions. In the present work, we have constructed six models of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids proteins: α1-antitripsin, albumin, ceruloplasmin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and transferrin with fullerene, C 60 utilizing molecular docking methods. The most probable results were examined with steered molecular dynamics (SMD) to see, if the simple docking method is able to predict the fullerene binding affinity. Albumin and lysozyme were already widely investigated and literature data is available for their complexes with fullerene C 60 and/or its derivatives. Thus, we used these two models as a reference set to validate the used molecular modeling methods. With our best knowledge, interactions of the remaining four proteins with NPs have never been investigated in detail before. Our results indicate that fullerene C 60 readily interacts with all studied proteins and may have a large impact on their biological functions.

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Comparison of micro- and nano-size particle depositions in a human upper airway model

Cited by 287 publications

References 55 publications

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow Patterns and Particle Deposition Characteristics in Children Upper Respiratory Tracts

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow Patterns and Particle Deposition Characteristics in Children Upper Respiratory Tracts

Emerging patterns for engineered nanomaterials in the environment: a review of fate and toxicity studies

Rapid insight into C60 influence on biological functions of proteins

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