Comparison of molecular profiles of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta and adipose tissue

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are clinically useful due to their capacity for self-renewal, their immunomodulatory properties and tissue regenerative potential. These cells can be isolated from various tissues and exhibit different potential for clinical applications according to their origin, and thus comparative studies on MSCs from different tissues are essential. In this study, we investigated the immunophenotype, proliferative potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs derived from different tissue sources, namely bone marrow, adipose tissue, the placenta and umbilical cord blood. The gene expression profiles of stemness-related genes [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex determining region Y-box (SOX)2, MYC, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), NANOG, LIN28 and REX1] and lineage-related and differentiation stage-related genes [B4GALNT1 (GM2/GS2 synthase), inhibin, beta A (INHBA), distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPA), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and SOX9] were compared using RT-PCR. No significant differences in growth rate, colony-forming efficiency and immunophenotype were observed. Our results demonstrated that MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue shared not only in vitro trilineage differentiation potential, but also gene expression profiles. While there was considerable interdonor variation in DLX5 expression between MSCs derived from different tissues, its expression appears to be associated with the osteogenic potential of MSCs. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) significantly inhibited allogeneic T cell proliferation possibly via the high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines, IL10 and TGFB1. Although MSCs derived from different tissues and fibroblasts share many characteristics, some of the marker genes, such as B4GALNT1 and DLX5 may be useful for the characterization of MSCs derived from different tissue sources. Collectively, our results suggest that, based on their tri-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory effects, BM-MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (A-MSCs) represent the optimal stem cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Enhanced alleviation of aGVHD by TGF‐β1‐modified mesenchymal stem cells in mice through shifting MΦ into M2 phenotype and promoting the differentiation of Treg cells

“…9 As a well-characterized immunosuppressive factor, TGF-β1 suppresses immune response either by inhibiting the function of immune cells or by altering their differentiation. 32,33 In our study, TGF-β1 gene-modified MSC exerted powerful immunosuppression, which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of these two factors, consistent with a previous study. 32,33 In our study, TGF-β1 gene-modified MSC exerted powerful immunosuppression, which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of these two factors, consistent with a previous study.…”

Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Roots to Boost

“…However, MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue are able to create a larger number of CFU‐F colonies, which indirectly indicates a higher degree of their stemness. The comparison of gene expression typical for pluripotent cells shows that only in cells isolated from the bone marrow, we can observe the expression of the Sox2 gene, the activation of which is associated with the self‐renewal process of stem cells as well as with neurogenesis during embryonic development . Discrepancies in the ability of MSCs obtained from various sources to differentiate have also been described.…”

“…Discrepancies in the ability of MSCs obtained from various sources to differentiate have also been described. The lack of differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord blood toward adipocytes as well as the greater tendency of MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissue to differentiate toward osteoblasts were observed .…”

Heterogeneity of proangiogenic features in mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and placenta

“…Many studies have comparatively analyzed the differential properties and biological functions of MSCs derived from perinatal and adult tissues, including their molecule profile [7], tridifferentiation potentials [8], proliferation/clonogenic formation capacities [9], immunomodulatory functions [10], and hematopoietic support abilities [11]. However, fewer studies have so far investigated their angiogenic differences.…”