Comparison of Numerical Methods for Ternary Fluid Flows: Immersed Boundary, Level-Set, and Phase-Field Methods

Lee, Seunggyu; Jeong, Darae; Choi, Yongho; Kim, Junseok

doi:10.12941/jksiam.2016.20.083

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…To simulate contraction of the LMC, the immersed‐boundary method 21 was used, which is a well‐known method used to simulate fluid‐structure (fiber) interactions by treating coupling of structure deformation governed by energy functionals 22 and fluid flow using computational fluid dynamics. This method has often been applied to simulate the motion of structures that do not involve topological changes, such as the human viscera 23 . Contraction of the LMC in two‐dimensional space was simulated using driving forces based on contractive, elastic, and restoring energies as follows:

\begin{matrix} trueleft \\ E_{c} (X (s, t)) = \frac{σ_{c}}{2} \int (∣∣, \frac{\partial X}{\partial x}) d s, \\ E_{e} (X (s, t)) = \frac{σ_{e}}{2} \int {(true(∣\frac{\partial boldX}{\partial x}∣ - 1 true))}^{2} d s, \\ E_{k} (X (s, t)) = \frac{σ_{k}}{2} \int | boldY false(s, t false) - boldX |^{2} d s, \\ δ E (X (s, t)) = - \int F false(s, t false) \cdot δ boldX false(s, t false) d s . \end{matrix}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has often been applied to simulate the motion of structures that do not involve topological changes, such as the human viscera. 23 Contraction of the LMC in two -dimensional space was simulated using driving forces based on contractive, elastic, and restoring energies as follows: where the circular smooth muscle fibers of the MBU were prominent and much thicker than those of the PSU ( Figure 4C).…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Lmc Contractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal muscular column in the prostatic urethral wall: Its form, shape, and possible function based on mathematical simulation in ejaculation

et al. 2020

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Background The shape and function of the longitudinal muscular column (LMC) of the prostate have not been established in detail. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the roles of the LMC of the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra (PSU) in the emission phase of ejaculation by investigating the form and muscular arrangement of the LMC. Methods Prostates and urinary bladders were obtained from 14 Korean adult cadavers. Nine specimens were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff‐van Gieson staining. Two specimens were scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), and all scanned images were reconstructed into a three‐dimensional model. Results At the proximal level of the prostate, the ejaculatory ducts (EDs) and prostatic utricle (PU) together were surrounded by circular smooth‐muscle fibers. However, at the seminal colliculus (SC) where the EDs and PU opened, they were mainly surrounded by an abundance of longitudinal fibers. The longitudinal fibers posterior to the EDs and PU formed a distinctive LMC in the posterior urethral wall. In histologic sections and micro‐CT images, the LMC extended distally from the level of the SC to the level of the membranous urethra (MBU). We simulated a potential mechanism of LMC using a mathematical model of its movements. Conclusions Comprehensive analyses based on in‐depth assessment of histologic characteristics and micro‐CT images demonstrated extension of the LMC from the level of the SC to the level of the MBU, enabling a better understanding of ejaculation physiology involving the LMC. These results suggest that the LMC in the posterior wall of the PSU is a critical component of ejaculation by facilitating the ejection of seminal vesicle fluid into the PSU via well‐coordinated contractions.

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