Comparison of osteoblast‐like cell responses to calcium silicate and tricalcium phosphate ceramics in vitro

Abstract

Calcium silicate ceramics have been proposed as new bone repair biomaterials, since they have proved to be bioactive, degradable, and biocompatible. ␤-tricalcium phosphate ceramic is a well-known degradable material for bone repair. This study compared the effects of CaSiO 3 (␣-, and ␤-CaSiO 3 ) and ␤-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (␤-TCP) ceramics on the early stages of rat osteoblast-like cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured directly on CaSiO 3 (␣-, and ␤-CaSiO 3 ) and ␤-TCP ceramics. Attachment of a greater number of cells was observed on CaSiO 3 (␣-, and ␤-CaSiO 3 ) ceramics compared with ␤-TCP ceramics after incubation for 6 h. SEM observations showed an intimate contact between cells and the substrates, significant cells adhesion, and that the cells spread and grew on the surfaces of all the materials. In addition, the proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the cells on the CaSiO 3 (␣-, and ␤-CaSiO 3 ) ceramics were improved when compared with the ␤-TCP ceramics. In the presence of CaSiO 3 , elevated levels of calcium and silicon in the culture medium were observed throughout the 7-day culture period. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that CaSiO 3 ceramics showed greater ability to support cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation than ␤-TCP ceramic.

Osseointegration of nanohydroxyapatite- or nano-calcium silicate-incorporated polyetheretherketone bioactive composites in vivo

“…In addition, CS offers improved bioactivity compared with that of calcium phosphate materials. 18,19 In our previous study, 25 an apatite layer was formed on the n-CS/PEEK composite, and the entire surface of this specimen was nearly covered with a thick and compact apatite layer after immersion for 28 days. We predicted that apatite would form on the surface of n-CS/ PEEK in the early implantation period, and then, the bone matrix would integrate with the apatite.…”

“…11 Some studies have proved that CS is biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive, with the ability to stimulate proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts, [12][13][14][15][16] and CS has been shown to have higher bioactivity than calcium phosphate materials. [17][18][19] Abu Bakar et al 20 prepared 20 volume% (vol%) HA-reinforced PEEK composite (HA/PEEK) with a porosity of 60% and pore size ranging from 300 to 600 mm using a leaching of particulate technique employing a suitable pore-forming agent, and these materials were implanted into the distal metaphyseal femur of pigs to evaluate the biological responses and tissue ingrowth of the material. Histological studies revealed the presence of fibrovascular tissue within the pores after 6 weeks and mature bone formation after 16 weeks, indicating that the HA/PEEK composite exhibited favorable osseointegration.…”

“…The better performance of n-CS/PEEK may be due to the higher concentration of Ca and Si ions released from this composite. The Ca and Si ions were beneficial for proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, 19 and a porous structure on the composite surface permitted more new bone growth in the pores, leading to better osseointegration. In addition, CS offers improved bioactivity compared with that of calcium phosphate materials.…”

Nanostructured glass–ceramic coatings for orthopaedic applications

“…Studies reported that ion dissolution products (Si and Ca in particular) of CaO -SiO 2 -based bioactive materials stimulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation [18 -20,53]. Ni et al [53] demonstrated that cell attachment, proliferation of osteoblast-like cells and the expression level of ALP activity were greater on the surface of CaSiO 3 ceramics than on b-TCP ceramics. The key determining factor for these differences is thought to be the Si ions and the higher amount of Ca ions released from CaSiO 3 ceramics than b-TCP ceramics [53].…”

In vitrosurface reaction layer formation and dissolution of calcium phosphate cement–bioactive glass composites

“…They include calcium phosphate ceramics [1][2][3][4], hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic [5][6], bioactive glass (BG) [7][8][9][10] and calcium phosphate cements (CPC) [11][12][13][14][15]. Some of these materials have been used in the clinic with excellent results [16][17][18][19].…”