Comparison of outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with COVID-19

Venturas, Jacqueline; Zamparini, Jarrod; Shaddock, Erica; Stacey, Sarah; Murray, Lyle; Richards, Guy A.; Kalla, Ismail; Mahomed, Adam; Mohamed, Farzahna; Mer, Mervyn; Maposa, Innocent; Feldman, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.020

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…938 articles remained after removal of duplicates, and after screening by title and abstract, 63 articles remained. A total of 20 articles [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] met the inclusion criteria and hence were included in our analysis; 43 articles were removed, with reason. Figure 1 shows the entire screening process for this review.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality Among People Living with HIV: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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People living with HIV (PLWH) are particularly vulnerable to worsened outcomes of COVID-19. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to provide a scoping review of the literature to assess the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality among PLWH. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Global Health, and WHO Coronavirus Database. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were in English, included PLWH who died after COVID-19 infection, and described risk factors for mortality. Results were descriptively synthesized and pooled thereafter. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Brigg Institute’s critical appraisal tools. 20 studies were eligible for inclusion, with the pooled death rate being 11.7%. Age was a major risk factor, especially after 50 (23.2%) and after 70 (41.8%), and males had a death rate nearly double that of females. As total comorbidities increased, the death rate also greatly increased; among those with comorbidities, the highest fatality rates were those with cardiovascular disease (30.2%), chronic kidney disease (23.5%), obesity (22.4%), and diabetes (18.4%). Other risk factors for mortality among PLWH included having a Black racial background, being an injection drug user, being a smoker, and having a CD4 cell count below 200. There is a need to better study confounding factors, and to understand how vaccination influences mortality risk. Overall, the findings highlight a need to ensure that focus is placed on the varying demographics of PLWH amidst COVID-19 control efforts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality Among People Living with HIV: A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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“…We have read with interest the article of Venturas et al, who found persons living with HIV (PWH) are not at higher risk of moderate or severe COVID-19 than the general population ( 1 ). The immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in PWH is a matter of controversy and intense research, as HIV infection may impair the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 ( 2 ).…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar humoral immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in HIV and non-HIV individuals after COVID-19

Martín-Vicente

Berenguer

Muñoz-Gómez

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection

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“…This study adds to the growing literature describing the complex interplay between HIV and COVID‐19 [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 28 ]. The ISARIC findings [ 7 ] suggest that PLWH had an age‐adjusted 47% increased risk of mortality by day 28, which increased to 100% after adjustment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Apart from the OPENSAFELY cohort in the UK [ 6 ], these studies were not able to adjust for socio‐economic deprivation. Conversely, cohorts matched for various confounders [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and an unmatched cohort from South Africa [ 14 ] have not shown an increased risk of severe disease in PLWH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes of patients with and without HIV hospitalized with COVID‐19 in England during the early stages of the pandemic: a matched retrospective multi‐centre analysis (RECEDE‐C19 study)

et al. 2021

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Background The contribution of HIV to COVID‐19 outcomes in hospitalized inpatients remains unclear. We conducted a multi‐centre, retrospective matched cohort study of SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive hospital inpatients analysed by HIV status. Methods HIV‐negative patients were matched to people living with HIV (PLWH) admitted from 1 February 2020 to 31 May 2020 up to a 3:1 ratio by the following: hospital site, SARS‐CoV‐2 test date ± 7 days, age ± 5 years, gender, and index of multiple deprivation decile ± 1. The primary objective was clinical improvement (two‐point improvement or better on a seven‐point ordinal scale) or hospital discharge by day 28, whichever was earlier. Results A total of 68 PLWH and 181 HIV‐negative comparators were included. In unadjusted analyses, PLWH had a reduced hazard of achieving clinical improvement or discharge [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–0.85, p = 0.005], but this association was ameliorated (aHR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.43–1.17, p = 0.18) after additional adjustment for ethnicity, frailty, baseline hypoxaemia, duration of symptoms prior to baseline, body mass index (BMI) categories and comorbidities. Baseline frailty (aHR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.95, p = 0.011), malignancy (aHR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.17, 0.82, p = 0.014) remained associated with poorer outcomes. The PLWH were more likely to be of black, Asian and minority ethnic background (75.0% vs 48.6%, p = 0.0002), higher median clinical frailty score [3 × interquartile range (IQR): 2–5 vs, 2 × IQR: 1–4, p = 0.0069), and to have a non‐significantly higher proportion of active malignancy (14.4% vs 9.9%, p = 0.29). Conclusions Adjusting for confounding comorbidities and demographics in a matched cohort ameliorated differences in outcomes of PLWH hospitalized with COVID‐19, highlighting the importance of an appropriate comparison group when assessing outcomes of PLWH hospitalized with COVID‐19.

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Comparison of outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with COVID-19

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality Among People Living with HIV: A Scoping Review

Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality Among People Living with HIV: A Scoping Review

Similar humoral immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in HIV and non-HIV individuals after COVID-19

Clinical outcomes of patients with and without HIV hospitalized with COVID‐19 in England during the early stages of the pandemic: a matched retrospective multi‐centre analysis (RECEDE‐C19 study)

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