Similar humoral immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in HIV and non-HIV individuals after COVID-19

Martín-Vicente, María; Berenguer, Juan; Muñoz-Gómez, María José; Díez, Cristina; Micán, Rafael; Pérez-Elías, María Jesús; García‐Fraile, Lucio; Peraire, Joaquín; Suárez‐García, Inés; Jiménez-Sousa, María Ángeles; Fernández‐Rodríguez, Amanda; Vázquez, Mónica; Ryan, Pablo; González‐García, Juan; Jarrín, Inmaculada; Más, Vicente; Martı́nez, Isidoro; Resino, Salvador

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.11.002

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since the beginning of the pandemic, there has been concern that PWH are less likely to develop and maintain protective immunity. While some studies suggested lower humoral responses in PWH [6], we and others [36][37][38] have not observed this. to a more exhausted phenotype.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…Since the beginning of the pandemic, there has been concern that PWH might be less likely to develop and maintain protective immunity. While some studies suggested lower humoral responses in PWH [14], this did not appear to translate into a higher risk of re-infection in the pre-vaccine era, and several other studies did not find substantial differences following natural infection in PWH on suppressive ART [68][69][70]. Although some early data suggest that vaccine-induced immunity could be less robust among PWH, it appears to be driven by the population of PWH with low CD4+ cell counts [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Acute Sequelae and Adaptive Immune Responses in People Living With Hiv Recovering From Sars-Cov-2 Infection

Peluso

Spinelli

Deveau

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Limited data are available on the long-term clinical and immunologic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with HIV (PWH). Methods: We measured SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immune responses in people with and without HIV recovering from COVID-19 (n=39 and n=43, respectively) using binding antibody, surrogate virus neutralization, intracellular cytokine staining, and inflammatory marker assays. We identified individuals experiencing symptomatic post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) and evaluated immunologic parameters. We used linear regression and generalized linear models to examine differences by HIV status in the magnitude of inflammatory and virus-specific antibody and T cell responses, as well as differences in the prevalence of PASC. Results: Among PWH, we found broadly similar SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell immune responses as compared with a well-matched group of HIV-negative individuals. PWH had 70% lower relative levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory CD8+ T cells (p=0.007) and 53% higher relative levels of PD-1+ SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T cells (p=0.007). Higher CD4/CD8 ratio was associated with lower PD-1 expression on SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8+ T cells (0.34-fold effect, p=0.02). HIV status was strongly associated with PASC (odds ratio 4.01, p=0.008), and the proportion of PD-1+ CD4+ T cells and levels of certain inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IP-10) were associated with persistent symptoms. Conclusions: We identified potentially important differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that might have implications for long-term immunity conferred by natural infection. HIV status strongly predicted the presence of PASC. Larger and more detailed studies of PASC in PWH are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Acute Sequelae and Adaptive Immune Responses in People Living With Hiv Recovering From Sars-Cov-2 Infection

Peluso

Spinelli

Deveau

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“… 1 Moreover, Martin-Vicente described that people with HIV (PWH) presented similar levels of anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies compared to HIV-negative individuals. 2 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies such as those of Venturas et al . 1 and Martin-Vicente et al., 2 are key to have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in PWH, which is fundamental to apply health care strategies (including optimal vaccination strategies) tailored for this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals with HIV

Giannone¹,

Vecchione²,

Czernikier³

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection

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“…If persistence of viral genetic material or antigen drives Long COVID, it is possible that PLWH could exhibit reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance from tissue reservoirs because of HIV-induced loss or dysfunction of tissue-specific immune cells. This could potentially be driven by dynamics of the humoral and cellular immune responses which in turn might contribute to Long COVID [94,96,98,99,112–118], although the role of the SARS-CoV-2 immune response in Long COVID and whether adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 differ by HIV status are unclear [51 ▪ ,119–123].…”

Section: Risk Factors For and Mechanisms Of Long Covid: Why People Li...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long COVID in people living with HIV

Peluso

Antar

2023

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of reviewIt is now recognized that SARS-CoV-2 infection can have a long-term impact on health. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding Long COVID in people living with HIV (PLWH). Recent findingsPLWH may be at elevated risk of experiencing Long COVID. Although the mechanisms contributing to Long COVID are incompletely understood, there are several demographic and clinical factors that might make PLWH vulnerable to developing Long COVID. SummaryPLWH should be aware that new or worsening symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection might represent Long COVID. HIV providers should be aware of this clinical entity and be mindful that their patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection may be at higher risk.

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Similar humoral immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in HIV and non-HIV individuals after COVID-19

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Post-Acute Sequelae and Adaptive Immune Responses in People Living With Hiv Recovering From Sars-Cov-2 Infection

Post-Acute Sequelae and Adaptive Immune Responses in People Living With Hiv Recovering From Sars-Cov-2 Infection

SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals with HIV

Long COVID in people living with HIV

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