Comparison of Oxidant/Antioxidant, Detoxification Systems in Various Tissue Homogenates and Mitochondria of Rats with Diabetes Induced by Streptozocin

Abstract

Objective. Oxidative stress is considered to be the main factor in the development of diabetic complications and tissue injury. our objective was to investigate and compare the oxidant/antioxidant conditions and detoxification mechanisms of the liver, lung, kidney, cardiac tissues, and mitochondria of rats with diabetes induced by streptozocin (STZ). Methods. Rats with diabetes induced by streptozocin were anesthetized by administering 90 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride and 3 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride. Thoracic cavities were incised open; liver, lung, kidney, and cardiac tissues were removed and stored at −70°C. All samples were homogenized and mitochondrial fractions were separated. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), Paraoxonase (PON), Arylesterase, Catalase (Cat), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Glutathion-S-transferase were measured in each fraction. Results. MDA and TOS levels were significantly increased in liver tissues, and T OS and OSI were increased in the mitochondrial fractions of diabetic rats. These increases were not statistically significant compared to the control group. No significant differences were determined in the antioxidant and GST activities. Conclusion. According to our results, oxidative stress has not developed in rats with diabetes induced by streptozocin. The detoxification system was induced; however, this induction did not differ significantly from the controls.

Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinapic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Cardiac Tissue and Serum of Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats

“…The majority of the authors reports that the lipid peroxidation markers level increases in the heart during diabetes induced with streptozotocin alone [26,51] or with high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin [27,33,88]. Only few publications indicate that TBARS level does not change or decreases in the cardiac tissue in diabetic rodents [61,89]. The lowered TBARS level in the heart was observed by the authors, who fed the rats with high-fat diet (with 30% of fat from palm oil) for 11 weeks [90].…”

Anti-hypoglycemic and hepatocyte-protective effects of hyperoside from Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves in mice with high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet and alloxan-induced diabetes

“…Oxidative stress is considered to be the main factor contributing to development of diabetic complications and tissue injury ( 31 ). The insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia further augment liver damage through ROS mediated lipid peroxidation of hepatocellular membrane ( 32 , 33 ).…”

Glucocorticoids Suppress Mitochondrial Oxidant Production via Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 2 in Hyperglycemic Endothelial Cells

“…This amount of leak is relatively low compared to the measured ATP production/oxygen atom use (P/O) ratios that estimate approximately 20% basal leakage in the cells [ 77 ] , but it also requires the neutralization of the oxidants and electron source to resupply the lost ones in the respiratory chain. The mitochondrial antioxidant defense system [ 78 ] can cope with the basal mitochondrial ROS production and the enzymes involved in the antioxidant defense are upregulated in diabetes [ 79 ] , but for some reason the oxidant production is not properly counterbalanced in diabetes [ 80 ] .…”