Comparison of p53, HSP90, E-cadherin and HPV in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

SUMMARY Objective Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. There are no markers that can be used to identify the risk of a malignant transformation of OLP to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed among 56 patients with OLP and 66 patients with OSCC for p53, HSP90 and E-cadherin expression and presence of HPV16/18. Results Significant differences in p53 and HSP90 expression between OLP and OSCC were found ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively). A positive correlation between HSP90 and p53 expression was seen in OLP ( p = 0.017). Univariate analysis identified HSP90 expression and HPV16/18 presence as prognostic factors for overall survival time (OS) ( p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, only HSP90 expression was an independent prediction factor for shorter OS of OSCC patients ( p = 0.016). Conclusions The present study suggests that cooperation between p53 and HSP90 as well as between HPV16/18 and HSP90 exists in OLP and may affect the biological behaviour of OLP. The observed expression of HSP90 and p53 in OLP and their increase in OSCC suggests that these proteins participate in the malignant transformation of OLP. HSP90 may be a potential independent prognostic biomarker that can predict poor prognosis in OSCC.

The association between high‐risk human papillomavirus and oral lichen planus

“…There are still conflicting results about the association between HPV infection and OLP; while some report the high detection rate (DR) of HPV virus in OLP lesions or the significant difference in the frequency of the virus between OLP and normal mucosa (Della Vella et al, 2021;Farhadi et al, 2020;Kaewmaneenuan et al, 2021;T. Liu et al, 2018;Poulopoulos et al, 2017;Sameera et al, 2019;Vijayan et al, 2022), others report the low detection rate of the virus or the nonsignificant difference in the frequency of the virus between OLP and normal mucosa (Bar et al, 2021;Gomez-Armayones et al, 2019;Illeperuma et al, 2021;Jabar, 2017;Nafarzadeh et al, 2017;Panzarella et al, 2017;Zare et al, 2022). According to 2017; Zare et al, 2022).…”

“…Overall, the detection rate of HPV varied from 0%–86.6% in OLP samples and 0%–28% in control (normal oral mucosa) samples in these studies. There are still conflicting results about the association between HPV infection and OLP; while some report the high detection rate (DR) of HPV virus in OLP lesions or the significant difference in the frequency of the virus between OLP and normal mucosa (Della Vella et al, 2021 ; Farhadi et al, 2020 ; Kaewmaneenuan et al, 2021 ; T. Liu et al, 2018 ; Poulopoulos et al, 2017 ; Sameera et al, 2019 ; Vijayan et al, 2022 ), others report the low detection rate of the virus or the nonsignificant difference in the frequency of the virus between OLP and normal mucosa (Bar et al, 2021 ; Gomez‐Armayones et al, 2019 ; Illeperuma et al, 2021 ; Jabar, 2017 ; Nafarzadeh et al, 2017 ; Panzarella et al, 2017 ; Zare et al, 2022 ). According to Table 6 , the association of HPV and OLP varied significantly by geographic population; even in different area of the same country, this relationship is associated with varied results (present study; Farhadi et al, 2020 ; Nafarzadeh et al, 2017 ; Zare et al, 2022 ).…”

The Chaperone System in Salivary Glands: Hsp90 Prospects for Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Tumors

“…Hsp90 high IHC scores in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [ 67 , 68 , 69 ], nasopharyngeal carcinoma [ 70 ] were associated with lymph node metastasis and a dismal survival rate. Worse OSCC clinical parameters were seen in Hsp90 high-tissue level specimens, which emphasizes the possible role of Hsp90 as a potential independent prognostic biomarker that can effectively predict poor prognosis in OSCC [ 71 ]. High Hsp90 expression was associated with worse overall survival in breast cancer, although no correlation between Hsp90 tissue levels and node metastasis was found [ 72 ].…”

Molecular Biomarkers of Malignant Transformation in Head and Neck Dysplasia

“…Of the five major families of HSPs, HSP70, and HSP90 are the most frequently identified to play a role in OSCC. HSP70 and HSP90 expression have been found to increase with increasing grades of OED and OSCC in patient samples [ 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”

“…Levels of p53 expression increase in association with histologic grade of OED [ 105 ]. In fact, p53 expression is present in 80% of oral epithelial hyperplasia [ 106 ] and increases significantly from OL to OSCC in patient samples [ 81 ]. P53 expression is also associated with progression to malignancy in laryngeal dysplasia [ 107 ].…”