Comparison of Phenolic Metabolites in Purified Extracts of Three Wild-Growing Herniaria L. Species and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro

Abstract

The work is aimed at phytochemical characterization and In Vitro evaluation of antioxidant actions, anti-inflammatory effects, and cytotoxicity of purified extracts from three rupturewort (Herniaria L.) species, i.e., Herniaria glabra (HG), H. polygama (HP), and H. incana herb (HIh). The total phenolic content established in the purified extracts (PEs) of HIh, HP, and HG was 29.6, 24.0, and 13.0%, respectively. Thirty-eight non-saponin metabolites were identified using LC-HR-QTOF-ESI-MS; however, only 9 were common for the studied Herniaria species. The most abundant phenolic compound in HG-PE was narcissin (7.4%), HP-PE shared 3 major constituents, namely cis-2-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-O-β-glucoside (cis-GMCA, 5.8%), narcissin (5.4%), and rutin (5.3%). Almost half of HIh phenolic content (14.7%) belonged to oxytroflavoside A (7-O-methylkaempferol-3-O-[3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-(1→6)]-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1®2)]-β-galactopyranoside). Antioxidant properties of the Herniaria PEs were evaluated employing an experimental model of human blood plasma, exposed to the peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress. The assays demonstrated significant reduction of oxidative damage to protein and lipid plasma components (estimated by measurements of 3-nitrotyrosine, protein thiol groups, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), and moderate protection of its non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. Anti-inflammatory properties of the Herniaria PEs were evaluated In Vitro as inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and -2) and concanavalin A-induced inflammatory response of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). None of the studied plants showed inhibitory effects on COXs but all purified extracts partly reduced the release of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) from PBMCs, which suggested their prospective ability to up-regulate inflammatory response of the cells. The purified extract from H. glabra turned out to be the most efficient suppressor of PBMCs’ inflammatory response. Additionally, cytotoxicity of purified Herniaria extracts on PBMCs was ruled out based on In Vitro studies.

Assessment of Carrot Production System Using Biologically Active Compounds and Metabolomic Fingerprints

“…This compound was identified as Licoagroside B, although it was not previously identified in carrot. However, the fragment spectra match those in the PubChem database and in the literature [63,64]. Chevalier et al [65] also reported this compound as a discriminating factor for carrot varieties; however, the authors reported only the molecular formula without further identification.…”

Polyphenolic Profile of Herniaria hemistemon Aerial Parts Extract and Assessment of Its Anti-Cryptosporidiosis in a Murine Model: In Silico Supported In Vivo Study

“…In general, the positive therapeutic effects of Herniaria in this study are consistent with previous reports that documented the medicinal use of the genus Herniaria as antispasmodic, antihypertensive, lithophytic, and diuretic agents. They demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, as well [ 14 ]. Additionally, similar results were observed from several polyphenolic-rich extracts.…”

“…Herniaria hemistemon J.Gay is an herb native to North Africa and Asia, spanning from Morocco to Iran and the Arabian Peninsula but currently introduced to other parts of the world. The plant has been traditionally used in the management of hernia [ 12 , 14 ]. It has also shown remarkable biological activities including antioxidant [ 15 , 16 ], antimicrobial [ 16 ], and in vitro antischistosomal [ 17 ].…”

Neuroprotective Capability of Narcissoside in 6-OHDA-Exposed Parkinson’s Disease Models through Enhancing the MiR200a/Nrf-2/GSH Axis and Mediating MAPK/Akt Associated Signaling Pathway

“…The use of special phytochemicals to develop novel anti-oxidative, mitochondrial protection, and anti-apoptotic drugs on DA neurons may achieve the purpose of treating or curing PD. Narcissoside (NCS) ( Figure 1 ) is isolated from Sambucus nigra flowers (elderflowers), and has been reported to have several pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant [ 23 , 24 ], anti-inflammatory activities [ 25 ], anti-SARS-CoV-2 [ 26 ], antihypertensive properties [ 27 ], and antitumor potential [ 28 , 29 ]. It also activates TRPV1 channels in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons linked with pain-accompanied itch [ 30 ].…”