Comparison of physical-mechanical and mould-proof properties of furfurylated and DMDHEU-modified wood

Abstract

In this study, 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and furfuryl alcohol (FA) modification catalyzed by acrylic acid were comparatively studied. The effects on physical-mechanical properties and durability against mould of Masson pine and Camphor pine wood were investigated, including weight gain rate (WPG), moisture uptake, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), parallel-to-grain compressive strength (CS), modulus of rupture (MOR), and mould resistance. The wood samples modified with DMDHEU closely retained their original color and texture, whereas the color of furfurylated wood became dark brown and the texture became clearer. The WPG of DMDHEU-treated wood ranged from 17.9% to 29.3%, which was lower than that of furfurylated wood that ranged from 36.7% to 39.3%. The equilibrium moisture content of DMDHEU-modified wood was slightly higher than the untreated wood, while furfurylation decreased the EMC of wood by approximately 50% compared with the untreated wood. The dimensional stability, parallel-to-grain compressive strength, and mildew resistance of Masson pine and Camphor pine improved after both modifications noticeably. It was concluded that acrylic acid can be utilized as a catalyst to perform wood furfurylation and DMDHEU modification.

Improved performance of Brutian pine wood via impregnation with nanoclay

“…In recent years, many wood modification methods have been applied to minimize the negative properties of wood, to promote awareness of its potential applications, and to develop products. These modifications include acetylation (Rowell 2012;Bi et al 2021), furfurylation (Lande et al 2008;Gerardin 2016;Li et al 2019), heat treatment (Hill 2006;Kubovsky et al 2020;Cao et al 2022), NaOH treatment (Meng et al 2019;Beram and Yasar 2020;Kaya et al 2021;Beram 2022), impregnation (Var et al 2002;Aziz et al 2020;Kaya 2023), and treatments with other chemicals (Yaşar et al 2010).…”

The Influence of Impregnation Methods and Curing Conditions on the Physical and Multiscale Mechanical Properties of Furfurylated Bamboo

“…The primary research focused on the selection of catalysts and the furfurylation effect on the physical-mechanical properties of modified wood. Various types of catalysts, such as zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) [15,16], maleic anhydride [17][18][19], citric acid [13,20,21], composite acidic catalysts [22], tartaric acid [23,24], and acrylic acid [25], have been investigated. Among them, maleic anhydride and citric acid have been the most widely used in the wood furfurylation industry.…”

Viscoelastic and Thermal Properties of Styrene Modified Fir Wood

“…Chemical modification of wood has received much attention since the middle of the 20th century. Recently, many studies were conducted on the chemical modification of wood to improve dimensional stability, mechanical properties, durability, and wood surface [11][12][13][14][15]. Grafting hydrophobic monomers to hydroxyl groups in the cell wall increases the hydrophobicity of wood [16].…”