Comparison of precipitation collectors used in isotope hydrology

Michelsen, Nils; Geldern, Robert van; Roßmann, Yasmin; Bauer, I.; Schulz, Stephan; Barth, Johannes A. C.; Schüth, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.04.032

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…A detailed summary of data processing for event trajectories is given in the following paragraph. Four of the 89 events that were sampled at Khorugh and Navabad in the Western Pamir Mountains showed dvalues below -10&, which hints at sample alteration (Michelsen et al, 2018). These events were excluded from further calculations.…”

Section: Trajectory Calculation and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing moisture sources of precipitation in the Western Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Central Asia) using deuterium excess

Juhlke¹,

Meier²,

Geldern³

et al. 2019

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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Air moisture of oceanic origin can be subject to long-range transport and could contribute to precipitation at distant places. With ongoing climate change the relationship between water vapour sources and sinks is under constant evolution and plays an important role for water budget assessments. This study analysed monthly integrated and event-based precipitation samples from two field sites in the Western Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan) for stable isotope compositions of oxygen (d 18 O) and hydrogen (d 2 H) of water. The aim was to investigate water vapour sources and, in particular, to evaluate contributions of water vapour from the Mediterranean region. The latter has been often postulated as a potential moisture source region for Central Asia. Deuterium excess values (d), that serve as a fingerprint of moisture origin, were below 13& in monthly integrated samples, for most of the year. This indicates a smaller contribution of high Mediterranean moisture ($20&) to the Western Pamir Mountains than originally expected. A maximum d value of 19& was observed in March, which is not in agreement with the common observation of increased Mediterranean contribution during winter (DJF). A Lagrangian backward trajectory model (HYSPLIT) was applied to infer the general air mass origin for sampled precipitation events. A maximum contribution of 'western' moisture of 40% was also detected in March, while 40%-60% of moisture that contributed to precipitation events in winter was transported by trajectories that originated from the Northern Indian Ocean.

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Section: Trajectory Calculation and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing moisture sources of precipitation in the Western Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Central Asia) using deuterium excess

Juhlke¹,

Meier²,

Geldern³

et al. 2019

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…Spangenberg et al 2012). To minimize post-sampling evaporation, we adapted the concept of an evaporation-free cumulative collector (Gröning et al, 2012), which has been successfully tested under hot and arid conditions (Michelsen et al, 2018) and is advocated by the IAEA (2014). In this concept, an inlet tube reaches the bottom of the bottle.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This setup was placed for 26 weeks (cf. Hartmann et al, 2018) in a laboratory drying oven (T 6120 by Heraeus, Hanau, Germany) with which a diurnal temperature regime was simulated (Michelsen et al, 2018). A socket timer triggered a daily 12 h heating period (31°C).…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: A microcontroller-based automatic rain sampler for stable isotope studies

Michelsen¹,

Laube²,

Friesen³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Automatic samplers represent a convenient way to gather rain samples for isotope (δ18O and δ2H) and water quality analyses. Yet, most commercial collectors are expensive and do not reduce post-sampling evaporation and the associated isotope fractionation sufficiently. Thus, we have developed a microcontroller-based automatic rain sampler for timer-actuated collection of integral rain samples. Sampling periods are freely selectable (minutes to weeks) and the device is low-cost, simple, robust, and customizable. Moreover, a combination of design features reliably minimizes evaporation from the collection bottles. Evaporation losses were assessed by placing the pre-filled sampler in a laboratory oven with which a diurnal temperature regime (21−31°C) was simulated for 26 weeks. At the end of the test, all bottles had lost less than 1‰ of the original water amount and all isotope shifts were within the analytical precision. These results show that even multi-week field deployments of the device would result in rather small evaporative mass losses and isotope shifts. Hence, we deem our sampler a useful addition to devices that are currently commercially available and/or described in the scientific literature. To enable reproduction, all relevant details on hard- and software are openly accessible.

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“…Moreover, one could transform the timer-actuated into a volume-controlled rain sampler, for instance by means of a microcontroller-based tipping bucket system. The latter would calculate the filling status of a sampling bottle based on the recorded number of tips and automatically direct the water into the next bottle when the first one is full (see Muller et al, 2015).…”

Section: Potential Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isotope community also developed various custommade automatic samplers, mostly for high-resolution sampling of rainwater and/or surface water (e.g., Camacho Suarez et al, 2015;Conroy et al, 2016;Coplen et al, 2008;Muller et al, 2015;Neuhaus, 2016Neuhaus, , 2018Siebert, 2015;Terzer-Wassmuth et al, 2018;Zannoni et al, 2019). While some of these collectors are outlined in the corresponding patent specifications (Coplen, 2010;Neuhaus, 2016;Siebert, 2015), several others are only briefly described or not at all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: A microcontroller-based automatic rain sampler for stable isotope studies

Michelsen¹,

Laube

Friesen

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Automatic samplers represent a convenient way to gather rain samples for isotope (δ18O and δ2H) and water quality analyses. Yet, most commercial collectors are expensive and do not reduce post-sampling evaporation and the associated isotope fractionation sufficiently. Thus, we have developed a microcontroller-based automatic rain sampler for timer-actuated collection of integral rain samples. Sampling periods are freely selectable (minutes to weeks), and the device is low-cost, simple, robust, and customizable. Moreover, a combination of design features reliably minimizes evaporation from the collection bottles. Evaporative losses were assessed by placing the pre-filled sampler in a laboratory oven with which a diurnal temperature regime (21–31 ∘C) was simulated for 26 weeks. At the end of the test, all bottles had lost less than 1 % of the original water amount, and all isotope shifts were within the analytical precision. These results show that even multi-week field deployments of the device would result in rather small evaporative mass losses and isotope shifts. Hence, we deem our sampler a useful addition to devices that are currently commercially available and/or described in the scientific literature. To enable reproduction, all relevant details on hard- and software are openly accessible.

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Comparison of precipitation collectors used in isotope hydrology

Cited by 38 publications

References 62 publications

Assessing moisture sources of precipitation in the Western Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Central Asia) using deuterium excess

Assessing moisture sources of precipitation in the Western Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Central Asia) using deuterium excess

Technical note: A microcontroller-based automatic rain sampler for stable isotope studies

Technical note: A microcontroller-based automatic rain sampler for stable isotope studies

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