“…The dissociation of the H 2 or H 2 O molecule becomes markedly influenced by surface conditions of a metal. So far, we have systematically investigated the effect of surface oxide layers on the kinetics of hydrogen absorption by hydrogen absorbing metals [4,5] and reported several methods of surface modifications, such as metallic coatings [6], fluorination treatment [7,8] and alkaline treatment [9]. Using the ion beam, ion irradiation can effectively induce the formation of vacancies in the surface region of alloy.…”