Comparison of pro-inflammatory cytokines among patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression and normal controls

Abstract

Higher levels of sIL-6R, CRP, sTNF-R1, and MCP-1 were noted in BD than in UD. These results may suggest a more severe inflammatory dysregulation in BD. Further studies are required to investigate whether these cytokines could be biomarkers for affective disorders.

Risk of developing major depression and bipolar disorder among adolescents with atopic diseases: A nationwide longitudinal study in Taiwan

“…Assessing 23 bipolar patients and 23 controls, Tsai et al revealed that patients with bipolar disorder had a higher level of soluble IL-2 receptor than the controls (Tsai et al, 1999). Furthermore, in our recent study, we found that the concentrations of soluble IL-2 receptor, soluble IL-6 receptor, and soluble TNF receptor 1 were higher in patients with bipolar disorder than in those with major depression (Bai et al, 2015). This result suggested there was more severe inflammatory dysregulation in patients with bipolar disorder than in those with major depression, and may further explain our study findings that only 1 atopic disease was associated with an increased risk of developing unipolar depression and at least 2 atopic comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder in later life.…”

The Differential Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and BDNF among Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

“…Lower levels of TGF-β1 were found in BP patients and higher levels after treatment (Kim et al, 2004). The high initial plasma level of TGF-β1 was also associated with a better prognosis during pharmacological treatment (Li et al, 2015). The negative correlations between the levels of TGF-β1 and BP disease duration, comorbidities, and YMRS might partially support and explain previous findings (Kim et al, 2004; Li et al, 2015).…”

“…The high initial plasma level of TGF-β1 was also associated with a better prognosis during pharmacological treatment (Li et al, 2015). The negative correlations between the levels of TGF-β1 and BP disease duration, comorbidities, and YMRS might partially support and explain previous findings (Kim et al, 2004; Li et al, 2015). In addition, the difference between TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels between the 3 bipolar spectrum disorders became nonsignificant after controlling for the associated factors of disease duration, comorbidities, and symptom severity.…”

“…Although patients with MDD also have higher-than-normal range levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines (Miller et al, 2009) and lower-than-normal range BDNF levels (Polyakova et al, 2015), studies have hypothesized that the disturbance of inflammation (Bai et al, 2015) and BDNF expression (Li et al, 2014) were more severe in BP than in MDD and indicated the potential differential roles of these biomarkers (Li et al, 2014). …”

Differenzialdiagnostik der Bipolaren Störung: historische und klinische Implikationen und Perspektiven

“…Wie bereits erwähnt, hatte bereits Kraepelin pathophysiologische Erwägungen angestellt, die sich auf immunologische Aspekte bezogen[48]. Eine Reihe hochaktueller Untersuchungen hat sich mit immunologischen Unterschieden zwischen PatientenSchmidt FM et al Differenzialdiagnostik der Bipolaren … Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2015; 83: 74-82mit unipolarer Depression und BS[66], zwischen Schizophrenie und BS[67] und mit der Abgrenzung der BS zu anderen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen beschäftigt. Möglicherweise lohnt es sich, aus den vielen erhobenen Einzelbefunden zu Immunzellen und Zytokinen ein immunologisches Muster der BS herauszuarbeiten, das mehr zur Differenzialdiagnose beiträgt als ein einzelner immunologischer Laborwert und das außerdem mit den immunmodulatorischen Eigenschaften antimanischer und stimmungsstabilisierender Medikamente[55,68] korrespondiert.…”