Comparison of protease and related enzyme activities in snake venoms

Ma, Fuyin; Falkous, Gavin; Jb, Harris; Mantle, David

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(95)02050-0

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…APs are exo-metalloproteases that function in the physiological maintenance of the blood pressure (Vaiyapuri et al, 2010), while DPP-IV is a highly glycosylated serine protease that may counteract the hypertensive response in the envenomed prey by destroying hypertensive peptidyl hormones (Aird, 2008). The level of expression of these three putative toxins was very low (<0.03%) and the expressed proteins were not detectable even with the use of highly sensitive nano-LCMS/MS technique (Tan et al, 2015d), although some authors reported the presence of AP protein in certain snake venoms (Faiz et al, 1996; Gasparello-Clemente & Silveira, 2002). For N. kaouthia , full sequences of DPP-IV and IGF were available from the present study and these are the only ones reported from the venom gland transcriptomes of Naja species thus far.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Tan

Chanhome

et al. 2017

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) is a medically important venomous snake in Southeast Asia. Its venom has been shown to vary geographically in relation to venom composition and neurotoxic activity, indicating vast diversity of the toxin genes within the species. To investigate the polygenic trait of the venom and its locale-specific variation, we profiled and compared the venom gland transcriptomes of N. kaouthia from Malaysia (NK-M) and Thailand (NK-T) applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology.MethodsThe transcriptomes were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform, assembled and followed by transcript clustering and annotations for gene expression and function. Pairwise or multiple sequence alignments were conducted on the toxin genes expressed. Substitution rates were studied for the major toxins co-expressed in NK-M and NK-T.Results and discussionThe toxin transcripts showed high redundancy (41–82% of the total mRNA expression) and comprised 23 gene families expressed in NK-M and NK-T, respectively (22 gene families were co-expressed). Among the venom genes, three-finger toxins (3FTxs) predominated in the expression, with multiple sequences noted. Comparative analysis and selection study revealed that 3FTxs are genetically conserved between the geographical specimens whilst demonstrating distinct differential expression patterns, implying gene up-regulation for selected principal toxins, or alternatively, enhanced transcript degradation or lack of transcription of certain traits. One of the striking features that elucidates the inter-geographical venom variation is the up-regulation of α-neurotoxins (constitutes ∼80.0% of toxin’s fragments per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads (FPKM)), particularly the long-chain α-elapitoxin-Nk2a (48.3%) in NK-T but only 1.7% was noted in NK-M. Instead, short neurotoxin isoforms were up-regulated in NK-M (46.4%). Another distinct transcriptional pattern observed is the exclusively and abundantly expressed cytotoxin CTX-3 in NK-T. The findings suggested correlation with the geographical variation in proteome and toxicity of the venom, and support the call for optimising antivenom production and use in the region. Besides, the current study uncovered full and partial sequences of numerous toxin genes from N. kaouthia which have not been reported hitherto; these include N. kaouthia-specific l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), snake venom serine protease (SVSP), cystatin, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), hyaluronidase (HYA), waprin, phospholipase B (PLB), aminopeptidase (AP), neprilysin, etc. Taken together, the findings further enrich the snake toxin database and provide deeper insights into the genetic diversity of cobra venom toxins.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Tan

Chanhome

et al. 2017

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been suggested that this process is part of a strategy to immobilize preys [2] and include a number of molecules that interfere in coagulation cascade, normal hemostatic system and tissue repair leading to persistent bleeding. Viper venoms are rich in enzymes as metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, and phospholipases A 2 , and proteins with no enzymatic activity as the C-type lectins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases in Cell Biology: Effects on Platelets,Inflammatory and Endothelial Cells

Moura-da-Silva

Butera²,

Tanjoni³

2007

CPD

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are widely distributed in snake venoms and play important roles in hemostatic disorders and local tissue damage that follows snakebite. The impact of SVMPs on hemostasis has been extensively studied showing diverse effects both on soluble factors and cellular components. The action of SVMPs involves catalytic and anti-adhesive properties, as well as direct cellular activation and/or the release of endogenous bioactive components. The purpose of this review is to overview the action of SVMPs on the inhibition of platelet functions; angiogenesis, particularly inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells; and regarding the pro-inflammatory reaction that follows snakebite. We discuss the structural features of the molecules that may be involved in such activities. The versatility and availability of SVMPs make them important tools for cell biology research into the mechanisms of action of endogenous metalloproteinases, for insights into cellular-matrix interactions and for clinical investigations into the treatment of snakebites.

show abstract

“…Dipeptidylpeptidases-IV (DPP4) were previously described in snake venom and cloned from venom glands (Faiz et al, 1996;Gasparello-Clemente and Silveira, 2002;Ogawa et al, 2006;St Pierre et al, 2007a). They may act by interfering in prey homeostasis by inactivating peptides like glucagon or acting upon the immune or neuroendocrinous system (Ogawa et al, 2006), or simply processing zymogen toxins.…”

Section: Dipeptidylpeptidase-ivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venomics of the Australian eastern brown snake ( Pseudonaja textilis ): Detection of new venom proteins and splicing variants

Viala

Hildebrand

Trusch

et al. 2015

Toxicon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The eastern brown snake is the predominant cause of snakebites in mainland Australia. Its venom induces defibrination coagulopathy, renal failure and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Cardiovascular collapse has been described as an early cause of death in patients, but, so far, the mechanisms involved have not been fully identified. In the present work, we analysed the venome of Pseudonaja textilis by combining high throughput proteomics and transcriptomics, aiming to further characterize the components of this venom. The combination of these techniques in the analysis and identification of toxins, venom proteins and putative toxins allowed the sequence description and the identification of the following: prothrombinase coagulation factors, neurotoxic textilotoxin phospholipase A2 (PLA2) subunits and "acidic PLA2", three-finger toxins (3FTx) and the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor textilinin, venom metalloproteinase, C-type lectins, cysteine rich secretory proteins, calreticulin, dipeptidase 2, as well as evidences of Heloderma lizard peptides. Deep data-mining analysis revealed the secretion of a new transcript variant of venom coagulation factor 5a and the existence of a splicing variant of PLA2 modifying the UTR and signal peptide from a same mature protein. The transcriptome revealed the diversity of transcripts and mutations, and also indicates that splicing variants can be an important source of toxin variation.

show abstract

Comparison of protease and related enzyme activities in snake venoms

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Comparative venom gland transcriptomics ofNaja kaouthia(monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty

Importance of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases in Cell Biology: Effects on Platelets,Inflammatory and Endothelial Cells

Venomics of the Australian eastern brown snake ( Pseudonaja textilis ): Detection of new venom proteins and splicing variants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About