Comparison of Purified Protein Derivatives and Effect of Skin Testing on Results of a Commercial Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Whipple, Diana L.; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Slaughter, Ralph E.; Jones, Stephen L.

doi:10.1177/104063870101300204

Cited by 72 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this case, this common population was also small (40.9%). Therefore, and in agreement with other authors [13,28,32,39,45], the detection of the maximum number of infected animals is achieved by the combination of both tests. Both tests were complementary also in the way that the IDTB test performed better during the first part of the trial, while the IFN-γ test was the only method that detected the infected animals at the second part of the study (it detected the M. bovis culture positive cattle that failed to react to the IDTB test).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The intradermal tuberculin (IDTB) test and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay are used worldwide for detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, but little is known about the effect of co-infecting agents on the performance of these diagnostic tests. This report describes a field trial conducted in a cattle herd with dual infection (bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis) during 3.5 years. It has been based on a strategic approach encompassing serial parallel testing (comparative IDTB test, the IFN-γ assay and serology of paratuberculosis) that was repeated 8 times over the period, and segregation of animals into two herds. The IDTB test detected 65.2% and the IFN-γ test detected 69.6% of the Mycobacterium bovis culture-positive cattle. However, the IDTB test performed better during the first part of the trial, while the IFN-γ test was the only method that detected infected animals during the following three samplings. The number of false positive reactors with the IDTB and/or the IFN-γ tests was remarkably high compared to other reports, and could be caused by cross-reactivity with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Also, the M. bovis isolates from cattle and wildlife from the same property were characterised using molecular techniques to disclose an epidemiological link. The IDTB test may not be appropriate to eradicate bovine tuberculosis in herds with dual mycobacterial infections. This report highlights the need to use several diagnostic techniques for the accurate detection of M. bovis infected animals in these herds. tuberculosis / paratuberculosis / IDTB / IFN-γ / eradication

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Since the performance of the tests was being compared on the same animals, they were tested simultaneously to avoid the interference of one test with the other [30,41]. These tests were repeated 8 times over a 3.5-year period, avoiding the summer and the last pregnancy seasons.…”

Section: Design Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2B, day 96). In contrast, cattle sensitized to M. bovis antigens exhibit increased IFN-␥ responses for 3 to 28 days after PPD administration for CCT (31). In other studies, using M. bovisinfected cattle, results of IFN-␥ tests were not affected by PPD administration for skin testing (6,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diagnostic Implications of Antigen-Induced Gamma Interferon Production by Blood Leukocytes from Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )

Waters

Palmer

Slaughter³

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The only approved method of tuberculosis (TB) surveillance of reindeer within the United States is tuberculin skin testing; however, skin testing has an apparent lack of specificity, since numerous reindeer are classified as reactors, yet Mycobacterium bovis is not isolated from tissues upon necropsy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of an in vitro assay (the Cervigam assay) to detect gamma interferon (IFN-␥) produced by blood leukocytes in response to mycobacterial antigens from M. bovis-infected reindeer. Thirteen male reindeer ϳ9 months of age were inoculated with 10 5 CFU M. bovis in their tonsillar crypts. Stimulation of whole-blood cultures with a mitogen resulted in significant production of IFN-␥ compared to that by nonstimulated samples. Responses by infected reindeer to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were as much as 3.5-fold higher than those by noninfected reindeer (n ‫؍‬ 4). Despite differences in responses to PPD by the two groups, reindeer within the noninfected group had responses of >0.1 change in optical density (⌬OD) (a level generally considered positive) to PPD. Mean responses by infected reindeer to a rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion protein (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specific) were as much as 20-fold higher than respective responses by noninfected reindeer at all time points. Additionally, responses by 3/4 noninfected reindeer were <0.1 ⌬OD (considered negative) at each time point. To further evaluate the specificity of the assay, samples were collected from reindeer in a TB-free herd. All reindeer had responses to mitogen; however, only 1 of 38 had a response to PPD, and none of the reindeer responded to rESAT-6-CFP-10. Together, these findings indicate that IFN-␥-based tests may prove useful for TB surveillance of reindeer. Mycobacterium bovis infection of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)is rare, especially in North America, where there are no published reports of tuberculosis occurring in reindeer. Despite the low incidence of disease, reindeer are subject to regulations in the USDA Uniform Methods and Rules for the Eradication of Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [APHIS] circular 91-45-011) (25) requiring TB testing for interstate movement and herd accreditation. For reindeer within the United States, the single cervical test (SCT), a measure of delayed-type hypersensitivity, is the primary approved test for tuberculosis. The SCT relies on in vivo reactivity to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) injected intradermally into the mid-cervical region. Reindeer classified as reactors or suspect with this test are often retested using the comparative cervical skin test (CCT), in which M. bovis PPD is injected at one site and Mycobacterium avium PPD at a separate site. In principle, the CCT provides an added ability to distinguish M. avium responders from M. bovis responders. Although exact numbers are difficult to ascertain, many reindeer have tested positive upon skin testing for TB surveillance. Neither Mycobacterium bo...

show abstract

“…The IFN-c assay has been widely employed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis 10,25 and paratuberculosis 21 in domestic ruminants. In cervids, in which the cytokine has a different structure, some authors have reported the use of this test in M. bovis experimentally infected or vaccinated animals, obtaining good results in different phases of the infection.…”

Section: <!?Show "Fnote_aff1"$^!"content-markup(/author-grp[1]/aff|/author-grp[1]/dept-list)>mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Immunological Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Avian Tuberculosis in Naturally Infected Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Cases of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in 52 adult red deer (Cervus elaphus) from a farm were studied using different diagnostic techniques. Immunological probes consisted of the comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) skin test, the interferon-c (IFN-c) assay, and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) employing either avian purified protein derivatives or protoplasmatic antigen (PPA-3) as antigens. Three of the animals were euthanized due to severe weakness, loss of weight, and emaciation. Macroscopically, the 3 animals showed tuberculous lesions located mainly in lymph nodes of the digestive system and small intestine but also in other organs and lymph nodes. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out on samples from the 3 deer using primers to detect IS901, IS900, and IS6110, specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, respectively. The last 2 agents cause pathologies very similar to avian tuberculosis in deer. The 3 deer were strongly positive by both ELISAs, slightly positive by the IFN-c test, and 1 of 2 was positive by the CCT test. As with domestic ruminants, ELISA could detect deer in an advanced stage of infection, with large numbers of mycobacteria.

show abstract

Comparison of Purified Protein Derivatives and Effect of Skin Testing on Results of a Commercial Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle

Cited by 72 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

Assessment of diagnostic tools for eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle co-infected withMycobacterium bovisandM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

Diagnostic Implications of Antigen-Induced Gamma Interferon Production by Blood Leukocytes from Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )

Comparison of Three Immunological Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Avian Tuberculosis in Naturally Infected Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About