Comparison of quantitative measurement of foveal avascular zone and macular vessel density in eyes of children with amblyopia and healthy controls: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

Yılmaz, İhsan; Ocak, Osman Bulut; Yilmaz, Basak Saracoglu; İnal, Aslı; Gökyiğit, Birsen; Taşkapili, Mühittin

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.05.002

Cited by 70 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our data are not in perfect agreement with previous studies. 6,7,10 Lonngi et al 6 and Yilmaz et al 7 reported decreased SCP and DCP vessel density for amblyopic eyes, but not for the FAZ in amblyopic eyes. Sobral et al 10 found decreased SCP vessel density and an enlarged FAZ in amblyopic eyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Microvasculature in Amblyopic Children and the Quantitative Relationship Between Retinal Perfusion and Thickness

Chen

Lou

Thorn

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To quantify retinal vascular density in amblyopic children and to investigate the relationship between superficial and deep retinal vessel density and retinal thickness. METHOD. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 85 amblyopic children (5-12 years) and 66 age-matched control subjects participated at a pediatric ophthalmology clinic. Macular vessel densities of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP, DCP, respectively) and retinal thickness were measured by clinical optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA). Vessel density and retinal thickness were compared between amblyopic groups and the control group, and correlations among these two variables were analyzed. RESULTS. Of the 85 amblyopic children, 52 children had anisometropic amblyopia, 16 had strabismic amblyopia, and 17 had bilateral amblyopia. The foveal and parafoveal macular vessel density in the SCP was lower in amblyopic than control children (P 0.008). Compared to strabismic and bilateral amblyopias, anisometropic amblyopia SCP differed the most from controls (P 0.005). Macular vessel density in the DCP of amblyopic children was similar to controls. Multiple linear regression analyses showed SCP vessel density was positively correlated with inner retinal thickness in the fovea (P < 0.001) and in the temporal, nasal, and inferior quadrants of the parafovea (P 0.008). CONCLUSIONS. Macular vessel density is decreased in anisometropic amblyopia, and to a lesser extent, the other amblyopias. Retinal small vessel density was correlated with the thickness of the macular inner retina. The causality of retinal change (i.e., whether it is primary or secondary to the onset of amblyopia) has not yet been determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors reported decreased SCP and DCP vessel density for amblyopic eyes. 6,7 However, the projection artifacts in the DCP might exist in the previous studies. This is an especially propitious time to perform OCTA studies because recent software advances of certain OCTA systems can now largely eliminate imaging artifacts in the DCP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Retinal Microvasculature in Amblyopic Children and the Quantitative Relationship Between Retinal Perfusion and Thickness

Chen

Lou

Thorn

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…The results of the present study correspond with this study that reported that the FAZ area is 0.290 mm 2 , central RT is 238.79 µm, and CT is 260.95 µm. Yilmaz et al [20] compared 30 amblyopic eyes with 15 healthy normal control eyes. They reported a FAZ area of 0.280 mm 2 in normal healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been studies of VD and FAZ area in adults [13] and children [16] in Asian populations, most studies were on Western populations [12,14,[17][18][19][20] and all used spectral-domain OCTA (SD-OCTA). Swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) provides deeper penetration of the laser beam [21], which allows detailed images and better visualization of the choroid, permitting better calculation of VD and choroidal thickness (CT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Retinal Microvasculature Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography According to Age

Park

Cho

Hwang

et al. 2020

JCM

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In this cross-sectional study, we examined age-related changes in the retinal vessels of 100 healthy participants, aged from 5 to 80 years, and divided into four groups (G1, under 20 years of age; G2, from 20 to 39 years of age; G3, from 40 to 59 years of age; G4, age 60 years or older). All subjects underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). The vascular density (VD) of the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CCP) were measured using OCTA. The vascular density of each capillary layer, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, retinal thickness (RT), and choroidal thickness (CT) were compared between age groups. Most OCT variables were correlated with OCTA variables. The FAZ area; VD of the SCP, DCP, and CCP; GC-IPL thickness; RT; and CT showed significant difference (p < 0.001) between G1 + G2 and G3 + G4, except for central GC-IPL thickness (p = 0.14) and central RT (p = 0.25). Density of the retinal capillary vasculature reduced and FAZ area increased after age 40, which represents the onset of middle age.

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“…There are many OCTA studies in fundus diseases; however, in terms of amblyopia, there are fewer studies [21][22][23]. In addition, in terms of strabismus amblyopia [24], most of the research results show no signi cant difference between amblyopia eyes and healthy eyes in terms of the capillary plexus vascular density of the macular fovea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optical coherence tomography angiography manifestation of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation

Ren¹,

Cheng²,

Qin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundTo explore the application value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation.MethodsThe following data were collected from patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); spherical equivalent (SE) and deviation angle; eccentric fixation distance using OCTA system software tools, with µm as the unit of measurement of the distance between the retinal fixed point and the macular fovea; macular fovea vessel length density (VLD); perfusion density (PD); foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area; and perimeter and circularity of the superficial retinal vascular plexus. The entry criteria were as follows: OCTA scanning quality and signal strength of 8 or above (range 0 to 10).ResultsData from a total of 34 patients were collected: 17 patients with strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation were included in the experimental group, and 17 patients without strabismus with central fixation were included in the control group. The average deviation angle of the experimental group was 26.71 ± 25.88 prism dioptres (PD), the amblyopic eye BCVA was 0.24 ± 0.22, the SE was 4.35 ± 2.98 D, the stereoscopic median was 800", the eccentric fixation distance was 632.18 ± 310.62 µm, the macular fovea retinal thickness was 207.82 ± 17.79 µm, the VLD of the superficial retinal vascular plexus was 7.31 ± 3.84 mm− 1, the PD was 0.16 ± 0.08, the FAZ area was 0.28 ± 0.17 mm2, the FAZ perimeter was 2.05 ± 0.56 mm, and the FAZ circularity was 0.67 ± 0.06. These results showed statistically significant differences in the SE and BCVA compared with the lateral eye and the control group, but there were no statistically significant differences in the macular fovea retinal thickness, VLD, PD, or FAZ. The eccentric fixation of amblyopic eyes was directly related to the deviation angle, and the regression formula was as follows: the eccentric fixation distance of amblyopic eyes = 8.319 × the deviation angle + 410.002 (F = 13.878, P = 0.002 < 0.01).ConclusionThe eccentric fixation distance of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation is related to the deviation angle; the greater the deviation angle is, the greater the distance of eccentric fixation.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022830. Registered 27 April 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/

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Comparison of quantitative measurement of foveal avascular zone and macular vessel density in eyes of children with amblyopia and healthy controls: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

Cited by 70 publications

References 16 publications

Retinal Microvasculature in Amblyopic Children and the Quantitative Relationship Between Retinal Perfusion and Thickness

Retinal Microvasculature in Amblyopic Children and the Quantitative Relationship Between Retinal Perfusion and Thickness

Changes in the Retinal Microvasculature Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography According to Age

The optical coherence tomography angiography manifestation of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation

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